Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rujia Qiao, Yinbo Guo, Hang Zhou, Huihui Xi
Summary: This study aims to establish an analytical model to estimate the influence of concrete spalling on fire-damage depth prediction. Through conducting fire tests, the spalling phenomenon and characteristics of concrete were observed. Based on experimental results, the moisture content of concrete was identified as one of the key factors of spalling. By using the proposed analytical model, the spalling depth related to the temperature rise of tunnel fire could be predicted.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jianqing Lin, Yuli Dong, Jintao Duan, Dashan Zhang, Wei Zheng
Summary: The study on single-tunnel fires in concrete immersed tunnels revealed that fires can impact unexposed tunnels, causing deformation and cracking. Cracks in the immersed tunnel consisted mainly of circumferential and longitudinal cracks, with the former connected in places without stirrups. Analysis of basic AE parameters and 3D scanner results showed that concrete spalling was caused by different mechanisms, with a maximum depth of 110 mm.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Bruno Fernandes, Helene Carre, Jean-Christophe Mindeguia, Celine Perlot, Christian La Borderie
Summary: The use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) has been proven as a good solution for sustainable concrete production, but its performance at high temperatures is critical for building structures. This paper reviews and discusses the mechanical and thermal properties of concrete made with RCA at high temperatures to identify future research needs.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nan Hua, Anthony Tessari, Negar Elhami Khorasani
Summary: This paper presents a framework for designing the concrete lining in a tunnel in the event of loss of functionality following a fire, considering factors such as fire temperature distribution and spalling model. The method also focuses on checking the structural stability to ensure that the structure does not collapse even in the event of a severe fire.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Mugahed Amran, Shan-Shan Huang, Ali M. Onaizi, G. Murali, Hakim S. Abdelgader
Summary: Building and infrastructure damages have become increasingly important due to the expansion of rural and urban constructions. High-strength concretes (HSCs) are more susceptible to fire-induced spalling than conventional strength concrete. Spalling can lead to catastrophic loss of life and damage to critical infrastructure. Therefore, the fire resistance of HSCs and strategies to prevent spalling should be urgently explored.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Bruno Fernandes, Helene Carre, Jean-Christophe Mindeguia, Celine Perlot, Christian La Borderie
Summary: Concrete made with recycled aggregates (RCA) has specific properties and a higher risk of spalling under fire conditions compared to concrete made with natural aggregates (NA). Increasing the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregates in concrete leads to a higher spalling degree up to a certain point, beyond which further increase in replacement rate does not result in higher spalling. The use of RCA also alters the physical properties of concrete, particularly water content, which can trigger spalling.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
P. L. P. Wasantha, Maurice Guerrieri, Tao Xu
Summary: The increasing use of underground tunnels for transportation globally has led to a rise in tunnel fire incidents, prompting the need for more detailed analysis of the effects of tunnel fires on surrounding structures. Different tunnel structures exhibit varying degrees of heat transfer and effects during fires. More research is needed on the impact of tunnel fires on rock mass and potential new testing methods are proposed to further understand this phenomenon.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Md Jihad Miah, Francesco Lo Monte, Roberto Felicetti, Pierre Pimienta, Helene Carre, Christian La Borderie
Summary: Explosive spalling of concrete exposed to fire is the phenomenon of shards being expelled from the heated face during rapid heating. This can seriously compromise the integrity of reinforced concrete structures and expose reinforcing bars to flames. Factors such as heating rate, specimen geometry, concrete grade, and external loads influence the occurrence of fire spalling. This study focuses on the role of external loading combined with pore pressure and thermo-mechanical stresses in triggering spalling in normal-strength concrete.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Wei Ming Lee, Sam Fragomeni, Hugh Monckton, Maurice Guerrieri
Summary: This article provides a summary of the design considerations for concrete tunnel linings in serious fire exposure. The confined space of tunnels leads to a significant rise in air temperature within minutes, which is a concern for designers due to the potential for concrete spalling. The introduction of new regulations and guidelines following European tunnel fires has aimed to provide scope for testing and design guidelines for tunnel fire safety.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Francesca Sciarretta, Stefano Fava, Marco Francini, Luca Ponticelli, Mauro Caciolai, Bruno Briseghella, Camillo Nuti
Summary: The research demonstrates that ultra-high performance concretes require hybrid fiber reinforcement (PP + steel) to withstand high temperatures, with residual strength increasing after exposure to 200 degrees Celsius. However, using polypropylene fibers alone may not always prevent spalling in small UHPC samples exposed to high temperatures.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Ye Li, Panwei Du, Kang Hai Tan
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the fire resistance of UHPC and HPC columns under the ISO 834 fire curve. The results showed that the addition of hybrid fibers significantly improved the fire resistance of UHPC columns, with load eccentricity promoting explosive spalling on the compression side of bending, reducing fire resistance.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Katarzyna Mroz, Izabela Hager
Summary: The paper introduces a new method for identifying the form and intensity of concrete spalling by analyzing the acoustic signal emitted. The intensity of spalling is assessed and monitored during fire exposure by analyzing recorded sound from the furnace chamber. Signal amplitude and frequency values are used to categorize different types of spalling phenomena.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Civil
Fatemeh Hamidi, Hekebe Carre, Ameur El Amine Hamami, Abdelkarim Ait-Mokhtar, Christian La Borderie, Pierre Pimienta
Summary: This paper provides a critical review of fire-induced spalling of concrete structures, its socioeconomic and environmental impacts. It also aims to establish a roadmap for designing sustainable concrete structures resistant to spalling by utilizing synthetic and natural fibers.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Puneet Kumar, Venkatesh K. R. Kodur
Summary: This study investigated the behavior of prestressed concrete beams under the combined effect of fire and structural loading through experimental and numerical studies. The model developed for evaluating the fire response of PC beams can capture critical factors such as fire-induced restraint forces and concrete cracking with reasonable accuracy. Restraint forces developed from constraining thermal expansion of beams produce only marginal increases in fire resistance of PC beams, as shown by data generated from fire tests and numerical studies.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Husen Alhawat, R. Hamid, S. Baharom, M. R. Azmi, A. B. M. A. Kaish
Summary: This paper presents a comprehensive experimental research on designing a large-scale fire test setup for different tunnel lining materials, comparing the performance under tunnel fire conditions. The results indicate that the fire-resistant concrete lining segments demonstrate better spalling resistance and higher safety performance in tunnel fires.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
