The interaction of household agricultural landholding andCasteon food security in rural Uttar Pradesh, India

Recent studies on the agriculture- nutrition disconnect and its implications for farming systems, especially in South Asia have revived the debate surrounding the relationship of food security to household agricultural landholding (HAL). In rural India, food security, HAL, and social hierarchy (Caste) are closely connected. However, lack of empirical research on their interlinkages creates a knowledge gap that limits the formulation of evidence-based policies. In this study, we use data from a unique survey of 5087 rural households in Uttar Pradesh (UP) state in India to empirically assess the links betweenCaste,HAL, and food security. Our analysis finds that, both independently and collectively,Casteand agricultural landholding have a significant bearing on household food insecurity levels. 94% of all food-insecure households report to hold no HAL or are holding marginal HAL. The predicted probability of food insecurity for households with no HAL is four times higher compared to medium-to-large HAL. MarginalisedCastes(e.g. Hindu and Muslim Dalits) have three-to-four time higher chance of food insecurity compared to their counterparts. The interaction effects ofCaste-HAL suggest that marginalisedCasteswith no landholding are the most vulnerable groups for food insecurity. Thus, we suggest considering the role ofCasteand HAL based inequalities and their interaction effect in policies adopted by the state for ensuring accessibility and availability of food among households in rural UP.

Automated summary

Recent studies in South Asia have highlighted the interconnections between food security, household agricultural landholding (HAL), and social hierarchy (Caste) in rural India. Empirical research is lacking, but analysis from a survey in Uttar Pradesh shows that both Caste and landholding significantly impact household food insecurity levels. Vulnerable groups, particularly marginalized Castes with no landholding, are at the highest risk of food insecurity. Consideration of Caste and HAL based inequalities is essential for effective policy planning in rural areas.