Article
Virology
Benem-Orom Davids, Muthukumar Balasubramaniam, Nicklas Sapp, Prem Prakash, Shalonda Ingram, Min Li, Robert Craigie, Thomas Hollis, Jui Pandhare, Chandravanu Dash
Summary: HIV-1 infection is associated with upregulation, perinuclear accumulation, and nuclear localization of TREX1. TREX1 plays a role in promoting HIV-1 integration by enhancing PIC activity and preferentially degrading viral DNAs that are incompatible with chromosomal insertion.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Adrian Padron, Prem Prakash, Jui Pandhare, Jeremy Luban, Chris Aiken, Muthukumar Balasubramaniam, Chandravanu Dash
Summary: The HIV-1 genome contains proteins that interact with host factors to facilitate different stages of infection. Cyclophilin A (CypA), the first host factor found to be packaged within HIV-1 particles, promotes infection by binding to the viral capsid. This review discusses the role of CypA in HIV-1 infection and its potential involvement in post-nuclear entry steps.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Kathryn A. Jackson-Jones, Aine McKnight, Richard D. Sloan
Summary: Intracellular innate immunity involves co-evolved antiviral restriction factors that specifically inhibit infecting viruses. RPRD2 is an antiviral factor that restricts HIV-1 infection by blocking reverse transcription.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Manuel Albanese, Adrian Ruhle, Jennifer Mittermaier, Ernesto Mejias-Perez, Madeleine Gapp, Andreas Linder, Niklas A. Schmacke, Katharina Hofmann, Alexandru A. Hennrich, David N. Levy, Andreas Humpe, Karl-Klaus Conzelmann, Veit Hornung, Oliver T. Fackler, Oliver T. Keppler
Summary: This study developed a new method for efficient gene editing in primary human resting CD4(+) T cells, enabling the knockout of up to six genes, including those related to HIV. This technique allows for improved molecular and functional characterization of HIV biology and immune function.
Article
Microbiology
Mollie M. McDonnell, Suzanne C. Karvonen, Amit Gaba, Ben Flath, Linda Chelico, Michael Emerman
Summary: The study demonstrated that synthetic A3C/A3H double deaminase domain proteins exhibit stronger antiviral activity against HIV-1 compared to A3G, with a mechanism that involves both deaminase-independent actions and enhanced RNA binding affinity.
Article
Biology
Francesca Marino-Merlo, Valeria Stefanizzi, Agnese Ragno, Lucia Piredda, Sandro Grelli, Beatrice Macchi, Antonio Mastino
Summary: The study developed a real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay to assess very low levels of HIV-1 RT activity based on previous laboratory experience. A synthetic RNA was used as a template for reverse transcription into cDNA by HIV-1 RT, and different variables were tested to optimize the assay. The optimized gD-RNA-synt-based RT assay demonstrated high sensitivity, allowing for the detection of specific cDNA reverse transcription even in the presence of 1 x 10(-9) U HIV RT. This constructed RT-qPCR assay shows promise in accurately assessing very low HIV-1 RT activity.
Article
Virology
YoungHyun Shin, Chul Min Park, Hong Gi Kim, Dong-Eun Kim, Min Suk Choi, Jeong-ah Kim, Byeong-Sun Choi, Cheol-Hee Yoon
Summary: The study identified an aristolactam derivative with potent anti-HIV-1 effects and investigated the differing effects of residue substitutions on HIV-1 infection and cell viability through a structure-activity relationship study.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qingxia Ma, Hongfei Jiang, Leina Ma, Gaoxiang Zhao, Qianqian Xu, Dong Guo, Ningning He, Hao Liu, Zhaoyuan Meng, Juanjuan Liu, Lei Zhu, Qian Lin, Xiaolin Wu, Min Li, Shudi Luo, Jing Fang, Zhimin Lu
Summary: It has been discovered that the expression levels of the glycolytic enzyme ENO1 are positively correlated with CHKa expression levels in human glioblastoma specimens. ENO1 regulates CHKa expression through post-translational modification. Mechanistically, highly expressed ENO1 in tumor cells binds to I199/F200 of CHKa, leading to the inhibition of TRIM25-mediated poly-ubiquitylation of CHKa at K195 and increased stability of CHKa. These findings provide insight into the integrated regulation of cancer metabolism by the crosstalk between glycolytic and lipidic enzymes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Natalie Petrillo, Kim Dinh, Kimberly A. Vogt, Shuhua Ma
Summary: This study investigates the catalytic mechanism of HTLV-1 protease using combined QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations. The free energy simulations reveal that the catalytic reactions of HTLV-1 protease occur in sequential steps involving proton transfer and nucleophilic addition. The findings provide valuable information for designing mechanism-based inhibitors for HTLV-1-associated diseases.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Isreal Moreno, Irene Rodriguez-Sanchez, Xenia Schafer, Joshua Munger
Summary: HCMV infection induces the expression of a tissue atypical neuronal glycolytic enzyme, activating glycolysis and UDP-sugar metabolism, increasing the accumulation of glycosyl building blocks, and enabling the expression of an essential viral glycoprotein and the production of infectious virions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Virology
Laurent Hany, Marc-Olivier Turmel, Corinne Barat, Michel Ouellet, Michel J. Tremblay
Summary: Although LRAs can efficiently reactivate latent CD4(+) T cells, their impact on HIV-1 infection and production in macrophages remains unclear. This study found that certain LRAs exhibit antireplicative features in human macrophages and identified a new viral production inhibition mechanism by bryostatin-1 specific to myeloid cells. Further research is needed to fully assess the efficacy of HIV-1 eradicating strategies.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liguo Zhang, Alexsia Richards, M. Inmaculada Barrasa, Stephen H. Hughes, Richard A. Young, Rudolf Jaenisch
Summary: Researchers have found that SARS-CoV-2 RNA may be reverse-transcribed and integrated into the DNA of human cells, leading to positive PCR results in patients even after infection and recovery. However, the integrated viral sequences mainly consist of subgenomic sequences, which cannot produce infectious virus.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sijia He, Jia Guo, Yajing Fu, Mark Spear, Chaolong Qin, Shuai Fu, Zongqiang Cui, Wenwen Jin, Xuehua Xu, Wanjun Chen, Hong Shang, Yuntao Wu
Summary: CD2 is identified as a novel target for blocking HIV-1 infection of blood resting T cells. CD2 binding initiates competitive signaling leading to cofilin activation and localized actin polymerization, spatially inhibiting HIV-1-initiated local actin polymerization required for viral nuclear migration.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jie Gao, Yaoliang Zhang, Lin Yu, Yuejuan Li, Shumin Liao, Jian Wang, Lijie Guan
Summary: Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, greatly impacts rice yield and quality. Isobavachalcone (IBC), a botanical fungicide, has demonstrated effective control of rice blast in field applications. Through differential protein analysis, Enolase 1 (ENO1) was identified as the most significantly down-regulated protein after treatment with IBC. In vitro experiments showed that IBC reduced the enzymatic activity of ENO1 in a time-dependent manner. Structural modeling and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that IBC interacts with specific residues of ENO1. These findings suggest that ENO1 could serve as a potential target for developing novel and effective fungicides against M. oryzae.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bradley R. Jones, Jeffrey B. Joy
Summary: This study explores Bayesian methods using BEAST2 software to estimate the integration dates of HIV proviruses in the persistent reservoir. By collecting HIV sequences during suppressive therapy and implementing a tip date random walker and a latency-specific prior, the researchers were able to accurately estimate the integration dates. The Bayesian method outperforms previous techniques and provides an adaptable framework for inferring proviral integration dates.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)