Article
Chemistry, Physical
Johanna Hemauer, Sebastian Rehfeldt, Harald Klein, Andreas Peschel
Summary: This paper proposes a bottom-up approach to assess the performance and costs of proton-exchange-membrane electrolysis at the cell, stack, and process levels. Detailed models are developed to predict the efficiency and costs of next-generation PEM electrolysis. A comparison between current and next-generation PEM electrolysis is conducted to identify effective development steps and potential for improvement in efficiency and cost.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Song Xue, Ru Liu, Yadi Cheng, Sebastian Watzele, Xiangju Song, Mengke Liu, Yajing Zhang, Guanghu He, Oded Nir, Minghua Huang, Heqing Jiang
Summary: Monopolar membrane-assisted electrolyzers enable water electrolysis using acid-alkali asymmetric electrolytes. It works by utilizing the chemical potential gradient between the asymmetric electrolytes, which modifies the reversible hydrogen electrode potential and reduces the necessary external potential. The performance of this electrolyzer depends on various factors and when coupled with advanced electrocatalysts, it achieves high current density and outperforms conventional water electrolyzers.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Dohyung Jang, Hyun-Seok Cho, Seyeong Lee, Minju Park, Seona Kim, Hoonmo Park, Sanggyu Kang
Summary: This study investigates and optimizes the operational characteristics of alkaline water electrolysis under high temperature and high current density conditions through numerical analysis. The simulation results show that saturated vapor generation significantly affects the performance of stack and system components in high-temperature environments. Pressurization is important for ensuring high efficiency in high-temperature water electrolysis, but it must be adjusted appropriately considering gas crossover.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jianan Li, Wenbo Sun, Meng Zhang, Jiutao An, Peiling Gao, Chong Peng
Summary: In this study, a facile Fenton-assisted etching method was employed to grow NiFe hydroxides on porous nickel foam, resulting in extraordinary oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance in both alkaline water and salty electrolytes. Furthermore, when tested in salty urea-rich sewage, the material exhibited outstanding electrochemical activity.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ioannis A. Poimenidis, Michael D. Tsanakas, Nikandra Papakosta, Argyro Klini, Maria Farsari, Stavros D. Moustaizis, Panagiotis A. Loukakos
Summary: The study demonstrates that laser-nanostructured Nickel electrodes have higher efficiency and stability in alkaline electrolysis, with hydrogen production efficiency increased by 3.7 times compared to untreated Nickel electrodes. Additionally, a novel approach is proposed to enhance the stability of current density during electrolysis, further improving the hydrogen production process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lauri Jarvinen, Pietari Puranen, Antti Kosonen, Vesa Ruuskanen, Jero Ahola, Pertti Kauranen, Michael Hehemann
Summary: This paper presents an open-source MATLAB toolbox for water electrolyzer polarisation curve parametrization and modelling, which was verified using measured data. The tool demonstrates its capability to work with a wide variety of use cases and provides an automated method for modelling and parametrization of electrolyzer polarisation curves.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Arash Aghakhani, Nawshad Haque, Cesare Saccani, Marco Pellegrini, Alessandro Guzzini
Summary: Currently, supplying hydrogen to industrial users is the main hydrogen business worldwide, and the demand for hydrogen is mostly met by fossil fuels. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using hydrogen as an energy vector for decarbonization in various sectors. However, the impact of substituting natural gas and other fossil fuels with hydrogen is highly influenced by the mix of technologies and energy sources used for hydrogen generation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Matias Albornoz, Marco Rivera, Patrick Wheeler, Roberto Ramirez
Summary: Pulsed electrolysis has emerged as a promising research topic due to advancements in solid-state semiconductor devices. These technologies have allowed for the development of simpler, more efficient, and cost-effective high-voltage and high-frequency power converters. This paper investigates high-voltage pulsed electrolysis considering variations in both power converter parameters and cell configuration. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of pulsed plasmolysis as a method for hydrogen production by decomposing water.
Article
Thermodynamics
Paolo Marocco, Domenico Ferrero, Emanuele Martelli, Massimo Santarelli, Andrea Lanzini
Summary: The study focuses on the optimal sizing of stand-alone renewable H2-based microgrids, considering seasonal storage and factors such as cost and efficiency, using an MILP optimization framework. The results indicate that hydrogen is necessary for ensuring energy self-sufficiency.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zeen Wang, Pingwei Cai, Qingsong Chen, Ximeng Yin, Kai Chen, Zhiwen Lu, Zhenhai Wen
Summary: In this study, the in-situ growth of MnCo2O4 nanoneedles and NiFeRu layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets on nickel foam (NF) was reported, which serve as a highly efficient electrode for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysis. This electrode only requires an overpotential as low as 205 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline electrolyte and exhibits stable performance for continuous operation over 120 hours. Furthermore, a hybrid flow acid/alkali electrolyzer was constructed using Pt/C as the acidic cathode and MnCo2O4@NiFeRu-LDH/NF as the alkaline anode, achieving electrolytic current densities of 10 mA cm-2 and 100 mA cm-2 with applied voltages of 0.59 V and 0.94 V, respectively. This research contributes to the development of energy-saving electrolytic techniques for hydrogen generation.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Amedeo Buonanno, Martina Caliano, Marialaura Di Somma, Giorgio Graditi, Maria Valenti
Summary: Despite the positive effects of renewable energy sources on decarbonizing energy systems, their intermittent and non-programmable nature can have a significant impact on the short-term scheduling of distributed energy resources (DER) in smart grids. This paper presents a comprehensive tool for generating scenario profiles of solar irradiance using historical data. The tool is particularly useful for stochastic operation optimization of DER systems, allowing the generation of plausible scenarios while reducing computational efforts. The application of the tool to a numerical case study shows that it can generate realistic solar irradiance profiles for DER optimization, considering fluctuating and plausible patterns. A sensitivity analysis evaluates the impact of key parameters on the generated profiles, providing guidance for defining scenarios with specific characteristics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaodong Fang, Xiangguo Wang, Ling Ouyang, Longcheng Zhang, Shengjun Sun, Yimei Liang, Yongsong Luo, Dongdong Zheng, Tairan Kang, Qian Liu, Feng Huo, Xuping Sun
Summary: In this study, an amorphous Co-Mo-B film on Ni foam was developed with superior activity and stability for hydrogen production in alkaline seawater.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuting Luo, Zhiyuan Zhang, Fengning Yang, Jiong Li, Zhibo Liu, Wencai Ren, Shuo Zhang, Bilu Liu
Summary: This study presents a nickel-based electrocatalyst mediated by hydroxide for high-current-density hydrogen evolution, showing excellent stability and efficiency. By controlling the charge redistribution of nickel sites and introducing iron elements, it can promote the water dissociation step at high current densities, enhancing the catalytic activity.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Song Xue, Yunchang Liang, Shujin Hou, Yajing Zhang, Heqing Jiang
Summary: In this study, the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) processes of three typical nickel-based electrocatalysts were investigated to understand the factors that determine their activity and durability. The results showed that coating Ni electrodes with α-Ni(OH)(2) nanosheets enhanced the activity and durability of the electrocatalysts.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianci Wu, Yue Hu, Meng Li, Bin Han, Zhifu Liang, Dongsheng Geng
Summary: Water electrolysis is a key step in the development of clean energy, but the coupling of oxidation and reduction reactions in conventional methods makes it difficult to separate gas products and utilize renewable energy. This study successfully decouples the production of hydrogen and oxygen gases by using low-cost Na0.44MnO2 as a solid-state redox mediator, achieving the production of high-purity hydrogen gas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dominik Keiner, Manish Ram, Larissa De Souza Noel Simas Barbosa, Dmitrii Bogdanov, Christian Breyer
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dominik Keiner, Larissa D. S. N. S. Barbosa, Dmitrii Bogdanov, Arman Aghahosseini, Ashish Gulagi, Solomon Oyewo, Michael Child, Siavash Khalili, Christian Breyer
Summary: This study provides a global heat demand database and heat demand profiles for 145 mesoscale regions up to the year 2050. The total global heat demand is projected to increase, with efficiency measures in buildings leading to a peak in space heating demand around 2035, rising standards of living leading to increased domestic hot water consumption, and economic development driving industrial process heat demand.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dominik Keiner, Orlando Salcedo-Puerto, Ekaterina Immonen, Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark, Yoosuf Nizam, Fathmath Shadiya, Justine Duval, Timur Delahaye, Ashish Gulagi, Christian Breyer
Summary: Low-lying coastal areas and archipelago countries are highly vulnerable to climate change impacts and heavily reliant on imported fossil fuels. This research explores the potential of floating offshore technologies to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy in challenging topographical areas.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dominik Keiner, Christian Thoma, Dmitrii Bogdanov, Christian Breyer
Summary: Appropriate climate change mitigation requires solutions for all actors of the energy system. The residential sector is a major part of the energy system and solutions for the implementation of a seasonal hydrogen storage system in residential houses has been increasingly discussed. This study aims to close the research gap by using the improved LUT-PROSUME model to analyze the cost-optimal implementation of seasonal hydrogen storage in residential photovoltaic prosumer systems globally. The results show that implementation of seasonal hydrogen systems is economically feasible only in high latitude countries when the system is in off-grid mode.
Article
Thermodynamics
Dominik Keiner, Ashish Gulagi, Christian Breyer
Summary: This study utilizes LUT-DEMAND to create comprehensive demand input data and explores various economic and demographic scenarios. The results show that macro-economic assumptions have a significant impact on the scale and trajectory of energy demand.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Cameron Bracken, Nathalie Voisin, Casey D. Burleyson, Allison M. Campbell, Z. Jason Hou, Daniel Broman
Summary: This study presents a methodology and dataset for examining compound wind and solar energy droughts, as well as the first standardized benchmark of energy droughts across the Continental United States (CONUS) for a 2020 infrastructure. The results show that compound wind and solar droughts have distinct spatial and temporal patterns across the CONUS, and the characteristics of energy droughts are regional. The study also finds that compound high load events occur more often during compound wind and solar droughts than expected.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ning Zhang, Yanghao Yu, Jiawei Wu, Ershun Du, Shuming Zhang, Jinyu Xiao
Summary: This paper provides insights into the optimal configuration of CSP plants with different penetrations of wind power by proposing an unconstrained optimization model. The results suggest that large solar multiples and TES are preferred in order to maximize profit, especially when combined with high penetrations of wind and photovoltaic plants. Additionally, the study demonstrates the economy and feasibility of installing electric heaters (EH) in CSP plants, which show a linear correlation with the penetration of variable energy resources.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
M. Szubel, K. Papis-Fraczek, S. Podlasek
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
J. Silva, J. C. Goncalves, C. Rocha, J. Vilaca, L. M. Madeira
Summary: This study investigated the methanation of CO2 in biogas and compared two different methanation reactors. The results showed that the cooled reactor without CO2 separation achieved a CO2 conversion rate of 91.8%, while the adiabatic reactors achieved conversion rates of 59.6% and 67.2%, resulting in an overall conversion rate of 93.0%. Economic analysis revealed negative net present worth values, indicating the need for government monetary incentives.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yang Liu, Yonglan Xi, Xiaomei Ye, Yingpeng Zhang, Chengcheng Wang, Zhaoyan Jia, Chunhui Cao, Ting Han, Jing Du, Xiangping Kong, Zhongbing Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effect of using nanofiber membrane composites containing Prussian blue-like compound nanoparticles (PNPs) to relieve ammonia nitrogen inhibition of rural organic household waste during high-solid anaerobic digestion and increase methane production. The results showed that adding NMCs with 15% PNPs can lower the concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen, and increase methane yield.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhong Ge, Xiaodong Wang, Jian Li, Jian Xu, Jianbin Xie, Zhiyong Xie, Ruiqu Ma
Summary: This study evaluates the thermodynamic, exergy, and economic performance of a double-stage organic flash cycle (DOFC) using ten eco-friendly hydrofluoroolefins. The influences of key parameters on performance are analyzed, and the advantages of DOFC over single-stage type are quantified.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Nicolas Kirchner-Bossi, Fernando Porte-Agel
Summary: This study investigates the optimization of power density in wind farms and its sensitivity to the available area size. A novel genetic algorithm (PDGA) is introduced to optimize power density and turbine layout. The results show that the PDGA-driven solutions significantly reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) compared to the default layout, and exhibit a convex relationship between area and LCOE or power density.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chunxiao Zhang, Dongdong Li, Lin Wang, Qingpo Yang, Yutao Guo, Wei Zhang, Chao Shen, Jihong Pu
Summary: In this study, a novel reversible liquid-filled energy-saving window that effectively regulates indoor solar radiation heat gain is proposed. Experimental results show that this window can effectively reduce indoor temperature during both summer and winter seasons, while having minimal impact on indoor illuminance.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Alessandro L. Aguiar, Martinho Marta-Almeida, Mauro Cirano, Janini Pereira, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha
Summary: This study analyzed the Brazilian Equatorial Shelf using a high-resolution ocean model and found significant tidal variations in the area. Several hypothetical barrages were proposed with higher annual power generation than existing barrages. The study also evaluated the installation effort of these barrages.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Francesco Superchi, Nathan Giovannini, Antonis Moustakis, George Pechlivanoglou, Alessandro Bianchini
Summary: This study focuses on the optimization of a hybrid power station on the Tilos island in Greece, aiming to increase energy export and revenue by optimizing energy fluxes. Different scenarios are proposed to examine the impact of different agreements with the grid operator on the optimal solution.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Peimaneh Shirazi, Amirmohammad Behzadi, Pouria Ahmadi, Sasan Sadrizadeh
Summary: This research presents two novel energy production/storage/usage systems to reduce energy consumption and environmental effects in buildings. A biomass-fired model and a solar-driven system integrated with photovoltaic thermal (PVT) panels and a heat pump were designed and assessed. The results indicate that the solar-based system has an acceptable energy cost and the PVT-based system with a heat pump is environmentally superior. The biomass-fired system shows excellent efficiency.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zihao Qi, Yingling Cai, Yunxiang Cui
Summary: This study aims to investigate the operational characteristics of the solar-ground source heat pump system (SGSHPS) in Shanghai under different operation modes. It concludes that tandem operation mode 1 is the optimal mode for winter operation in terms of energy efficiency.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
L. Bartolucci, S. Cordiner, A. Di Carlo, A. Gallifuoco, P. Mele, V. Mulone
Summary: Spent coffee grounds are a valuable biogenic waste that can be used as a source of biofuels and valuable chemicals through pyrolysis and solvent extraction processes. The study found that heavy organic bio-oil derived from coffee grounds can be used as a carbon-rich biofuel, while solvent extraction can extract xantines and p-benzoquinone, which are important chemicals for various industries. The results highlight the promising potential of solvent extraction in improving the economic viability of coffee grounds pyrolysis-based biorefineries.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Luiza de Queiroz Correa, Diego Bagnis, Pedro Rabelo Melo Franco, Esly Ferreira da Costa Junior, Andrea Oliveira Souza da Costa
Summary: Building-integrated photovoltaics, especially organic solar technology, are important for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector. This study analyzed the performance of organic panels laminated in glass in a vertical installation in Latin America. Results showed that glass lamination and vertical orientation preserved the panels' performance and led to higher energy generation in winter.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhipei Hu, Shuo Jiang, Zhigao Sun, Jun Li
Summary: This study proposes innovative fin arrangements to enhance the thermal performance of latent heat storage units. Through optimization of fin distribution and prediction of transient melting behaviors, it is found that fin structures significantly influence heat transfer characteristics and melting behaviors.
