Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jonathan H. Cohen, Kim S. Last, Corie L. Charpentier, Finlo Cottier, Malin Daase, Laura Hobbs, Geir Johnsen, Jorgen Berge
Summary: Light plays a crucial role in the ecology of organisms on Earth, especially in extreme light conditions in polar regions, where organisms exhibit unique behavioral and physiological responses.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Piotr Balazy, Marti J. Anderson, Maciej Chelchowski, Maria Wlodarska-Kowalczuk, Piotr Kuklinski, Jorgen Berge
Summary: The study investigated scavenger activity during both Arctic polar night and day in a high Arctic fjord. The results showed significant differences in scavenger assemblages between winter and summer, as well as in response to different bait types. The consumption rates of bait were found to be slow in general, with only slight differences between the two seasons.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Natalie Summers, Glaucia M. Fragoso, Geir Johnsen
Summary: Arctic macroalgae species have developed different growth strategies to survive extreme seasonal changes in irradiance in polar regions. This study found that new tissues of macroalgae have higher light saturation parameter (E-k) during the Polar Night, indicating the photosynthetic apparatus is active but slow. Additionally, spectral shifts in the absorbance and reflectance spectra of different macroalgae were observed.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anjali Gopakumar, Julia Giebichenstein, Evgeniia Raskhozheva, Katrine Borga
Summary: This study quantified mercury concentrations, carbon, and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in polar cod, Atlantic cod, and capelin sampled from the North-West and North-East Barents Sea. The research found that mercury concentrations varied between species and regions, but remained below toxicity thresholds for fish health and human consumption. Atlantic cod in the North-East had the highest mercury concentrations due to its larger size, higher trophic position, and benthopelagic feeding, while polar cod in the North-East had higher mercury concentrations than in the North-West, likely due to differences in food web structure and mercury exposure.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sobuj Mia, Ravi Sonkar, Lamario Williams, Mary N. Latimer, Isabelle Frayne Robillard, Abhinav Diwan, Stuart J. Frank, Christine Des Rosiers, Martin E. Young
Summary: The study found that during obesity, there is a diurnal metabolic inflexibility in the heart specifically for nonoxidative lipid metabolism, but not for substrate oxidation. By restricting food intake to the active period, partial restoration of whole body metabolic flexibility and day-night differences in cardiac triglyceride synthesis and lipidome can be achieved.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agata Gabryelska, Szymon Turkiewicz, Filip Franciszek Karuga, Marcin Sochal, Dominik Strzelecki, Piotr Bialasiewicz
Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent pauses in breathing, leading to intermittent hypoxia and arousals during the night. It is associated with comorbidities in various systems, including cardiovascular, metabolic, psychiatric, and neurological complications. The disruption of the circadian clock may play a significant role in the development and progression of OSA-related complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Melissa P. Galicia, Gregory W. Thiemann, Markus G. Dyck, Steven H. Ferguson
Summary: The study found that polar bears primarily feed on ringed seals, with varying consumption proportions in different regions; there are also hot spots of consumption for bearded seals, Atlantic walrus, harbour seals, and harp seals in different areas or seasons. Polar bear feeding habits can reflect changes in prey distribution, providing clues to understanding the functioning of Arctic ecosystems.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2021)
Article
Limnology
Clara J. M. Hoppe
Summary: The end of polar night marks the start of photosynthetic biomass production in the Arctic marine ecosystem, with the spring bloom being the most crucial event. This dataset reveals significant in situ biomass accumulation during the dark-light transition in the high Arctic for the first time, as well as the earliest positive net primary production rates recorded.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Renata Lukianova, Alexander Kozlovsky, Mark Lester
Summary: Thermal and dynamic disturbances in the polar upper stratospheric/mesosphere-lower thermosphere during the Arctic winter of 2019-2020 were measured and presented. The most severe disturbances occurred from late December to mid-January, with significant wind fluctuations. Throughout the winter, there were notable temperature changes in the upper stratosphere/lower mesosphere.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew Salazar, Joerg von Hagen
Summary: Periodically oscillating biological processes, such as circadian rhythms, play a crucial role in tissue pathology, organismal health, and molecular mechanisms. Recent reports challenge the prevailing hierarchical model by suggesting that light can independently affect peripheral circadian clocks. However, there is a lack of comprehensive overview regarding these processes in the skin. This review highlights the molecular circadian clock machinery and factors governing it, and emphasizes the link between circadian rhythm, immunological processes, and skin homeostasis as well as its impact on the skin.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Bernadetta Bilska, Aneta Zegar, Andrzej T. Slominski, Konrad Kleszczynski, Joanna Cichy, Elzbieta Pyza
Summary: The gene expression of Rarres2, Camp, and Defb1 in mouse skin was highest during high activity periods, but this rhythm was masked under constant darkness, while the gene expression of Defb3 and Defb14 showed the highest levels during sleep and were maintained under constant darkness. This indicates a correlation between specific antimicrobial peptides and different physiological states, with some being influenced by light-dark cycles and others being regulated by a circadian clock.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martin Zurl, Birgit Poehn, Dirk Rieger, Shruthi Krishnan, Dunja Rokvic, Vinoth Babu Veedin Rajan, Elliot Gerrard, Matthias Schlichting, Lukas Orel, Aida Coric, Robert J. Lucas, Eva Wolf, Charlotte Helfrich-Foerster, Florian Raible, Kristin Tessmar-Raible
Summary: Many species synchronize their biology and behavior with sunlight and moonlight. This study reveals that moonlight plays a role in timing the exact hour of nocturnal behavior in addition to monthly timing. The research advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in lunar impact on biological rhythms.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Limnology
Erin H. Kunisch, Martin Graeve, Rolf Gradinger, Hauke Flores, Oystein Varpe, Bodil A. Bluhm
Summary: During the productive polar day, zooplankton and sea-ice amphipods play a critical role in transferring energy from primary producers to higher trophic-level species. Recent studies suggest higher biological activity of these invertebrates during polar night than previously assumed, but the mechanisms behind their activity remain unknown.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Natalie Summers, Geir Johnsen, Aksel Mogstad, Havard Lovas, Glaucia Fragoso, Jorgen Berge
Summary: This article describes an Underwater Hyperspectral Imager (UHI) deployed on a system of two interconnected mini-ROVs for the mapping and monitoring of Arctic macroalgal habitats. The UHI system is easy to transport and operate, providing detailed information about macroalgal distribution and physiology in different environments.
Article
Environmental Sciences
T. R. Vonnahme, L. Klausen, R. M. Bank, D. Michellod, G. Lavik, U. Dietrich, R. Gradinger
Summary: The polar night is an active biological season that is understudied in terms of microbial ecology. This study found that factors such as light availability, mixing, and input of organic matter from land, play important roles in driving the dynamics of the polar night microbial ecosystem.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Damien Tran, Mickael Perrigault, Pierre Ciret, Laura Payton
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Hector Andrade, Peter van der Sleen, Bryan A. Black, Jane A. Godiksen, William L. Locke, Michael L. Carroll, William G. Ambrose, Audrey Geffen
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Damien Tran, Hector Andrade, Guillaume Durier, Pierre Ciret, Peter Leopold, Mohamedou Sow, Carl Ballantine, Lionel Camus, Jorgen Berge, Mickael Perrigault
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2020)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Magnus Aune, Evgeniia Raskhozheva, Hector Andrade, Starrlight Augustine, Alexei Bambulyak, Lionel Camus, JoLynn Carroll, Andrey V. Dolgov, Haakon Hop, Denis Moiseev, Paul E. Renaud, Oystein Varpe
Summary: The article summarizes current data and knowledge on polar cod from the Russian sector of the Barents Sea, discussing key knowledge needs for management of the species and identifying important knowledge gaps.
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Arno Bringer, Helene Thomas, Emmanuel Dubillot, Stephane Le Floch, Justine Receveur, Jerome Cachot, Damien Tran
Summary: This study revealed significant effects of high environmental concentrations of MPs and Chlortoluron on the behavior and growth of the Pacific oyster. MPs exposure led to increased valve micro-closures and decreased valve opening duration and shell growth, while Chlortoluron exposure resulted in increased valve opening amplitude and decreased valve micro-closures.
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lionel Camus, Hector Andrade, Ana Sofia Aniceto, Magnus Aune, Kanchana Bandara, Sunnje Linnea Basedow, Kai Hakon Christensen, Jeremy Cook, Malin Daase, Katherine Dunlop, Stig Falk-Petersen, Peer Fietzek, Gro Fonnes, Peygham Ghaffari, Geir Gramvik, Inger Graves, Daniel Hayes, Tor Langeland, Harald Lura, Trond Kristiansen Marin, Ole Anders Nost, David Peddie, Joel Pederick, Geir Pedersen, Ann Kristin Sperrevik, Kai Sorensen, Luca Tassara, Sigurd Tjostheim, Vigdis Tverberg, Salve Dahle
Summary: The paper discusses the deployment of three gliders in the Arctic region of Norway through the Unmanned ocean vehicles project, showing how they effectively improved the predictive skills of ocean circulation models by recording environmental parameters and ecosystem data. These autonomous gliders are capable of efficiently monitoring high-latitude marine ecosystems long-term, providing crucial information for future ocean management and operations.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guillaume Durier, Jean-Bruno Nadalini, Luc A. Comeau, Michel Starr, Sonia Michaud, Damien Tran, Richard St-Louis, Jose M. F. Babarro, Jeff C. Clements, Rejean Tremblay
Summary: This study used valvometry to monitor the gaping behavior of blue mussels exposed to toxic microalgae. It found that mussels exposed to Alexandrium catenella, which produces paralytic shellfish toxins, tended to keep their valves open for a longer time compared to non-exposed mussels. The change in gaping behavior was observed even at low toxin concentrations. This suggests that valvometry can be used as an early-warning tool for the presence of toxic microalgae.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Audrey Botte, Laura Payton, Damien Tran
Summary: Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) disrupts the daily rhythm of oysters by increasing valve activity and eliminating day/night differences in gene expression. The effects of ALAN start at environmentally realistic intensities and can have severe physiological and ecological consequences for oysters.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Damien Tran, Hector Andrade, Lionel Camus, Peter Leopold, Carl Ballantine, Jorgen Berge, Guillaume Durier, Mohamedou Sow, Pierre Ciret
Summary: Marine organisms living at high latitudes face drastic annual changes in the light climate, especially during the polar night when the sun remains below the horizon for months. This study analyzed the rhythms of the mussel Mytilus sp. during polar night and found that the mussels expressed rhythmic behavior influenced by both sunlight and moonlight. Depending on the different times of polar night and moon cycle, it was possible to discern whether the moon or the sun synchronized the daily rhythm. These findings suggest that moonlight may play a crucial role in synchronizing daily rhythms when sunlight is not sufficient during polar night.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Alexandre Le Moal, Laura Payton, Hector Andrade, Lionel Camus, Carl Ballantine, Pierre Ciret, Damien Tran
Summary: Marine species exhibit various biological rhythms in accordance with the complex ecosystem of the sun, earth, and moon. The persistence of biological rhythms in the high Arctic polar day remains unclear, but understanding it is crucial for predicting the impact of future climate changes and the functioning of polar ecosystems.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Audrey Botte, Laura Payton, Damien Tran
Summary: Artificial light at night has significant impacts on coastal ecosystems and organisms, especially on oysters. This study investigates the effects of different spectral compositions of artificial light on oysters' daily rhythm and gene expression. The results show that blue light has the most pronounced effects on oysters' behavior and gene expression, while red and green lights also have significant impacts.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
