Article
Environmental Sciences
Yu-Chiao Liang, Lorenzo M. Polvani, Michael Previdi, Karen L. Smith, Mark R. England, Gabriel Chiodo
Summary: Recent research highlights the significant contribution of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) to Arctic warming and sea-ice loss, with ODS causing slightly more than half of the warming and sea-ice loss compared to carbon dioxide (CO2). The Arctic amplification (AA) strength for ODS is 1.44 times larger than that for CO2, mainly due to more positive feedbacks such as Planck, albedo, lapse-rate, and cloud feedbacks. These findings imply that Arctic amplification would have been considerably stronger if the Montreal Protocol had not been signed.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kyle A. Arndt, Josh Hashemi, Susan M. Natali, Luke D. Schiferl, Anna-Maria Virkkala
Summary: This review summarizes research on non-growing season (NGS) carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in the Arctic boreal zone (ABZ) published in the past 5 years. It finds that NGS carbon emissions can be a substantial part of the annual carbon budget in the ABZ, shifting the carbon balance from a sink to a source. Improvements in ecosystem carbon cycling models face challenges in modeling below ground and snow processes. Lack of representative carbon flux data and gridded environmental data are limiting factors for accurate predictions of NGS carbon fluxes.
CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
McKenzie A. Kuhn, Ruth K. Varner, David Bastviken, Patrick Crill, Sally MacIntyre, Merritt Turetsky, Katey Walter Anthony, Anthony D. McGuire, David Olefeldt
Summary: Methane emissions from boreal and arctic regions are globally significant and highly sensitive to climate change. The study highlights the differences in estimates of methane fluxes using bottom-up and top-down approaches for high-latitude regions. The comprehensive dataset BAWLD-CH4 provides valuable information for future research opportunities and model validation in high-latitude ecosystems.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kai Wang, Ana Bastos, Philippe Ciais, Xuhui Wang, Christian Roedenbeck, Pierre Gentine, Frederic Chevallier, Vincent W. Humphrey, Chris Huntingford, Michael O'Sullivan, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Stephen Sitch, Shilong Piao
Summary: This study reveals that the temperature effects in the Northern Hemisphere and the seasonal compensation of temperature effects could result in a global dominance of water in land carbon sink. The three approaches used in this study agree that tropical regions contribute the most to the global correlations, but differ on the dominant driver of global land carbon uptake. Data-driven models suggest weaker seasonal compensation and estimate a global temperature dominance.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Renato K. Braghiere, Joshua B. Fisher, Kimberley R. Miner, Charles E. Miller, John R. Worden, David S. Schimel, Christian Frankenberg
Summary: Estimating the impacts of climate change on the global carbon cycle relies on projections from Earth system models (ESMs). The new generation of increased complexity ESMs in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report aims to improve future climate projections. In this study, CMIP5 and CMIP6 ensembles were benchmarked using ILAMB tool over the NASA Arctic-Boreal vulnerability experiment (ABoVE) region in North America, showing that CMIP6 has higher projected average net biome production (NBP) in 2100 compared to CMIP5, and better agreement with contemporary observed carbon cycle variables.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Scott C. Neubauer
Summary: This article discusses the impacts of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations on natural ecosystems and human populations, pointing out the flaws and inaccuracies in previous studies.
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Daniel Altdorff, Nils Borchard, Erika H. Young, Lakshman Galagedara, Jaana Sorvali, Sylvie Quideau, Adrian Unc
Summary: Northern regions are becoming new agricultural frontiers due to food security concerns and accelerated global warming, but the scope and environmental consequences of northern agriculture are not fully understood. Sustainable growth of northern agriculture depends on a comprehensive understanding of opportunities and challenges, highlighting the need for better coordination and emphasis on this sector.
AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lina Allesson, Nicolas Valiente, Peter Dorsch, Tom Andersen, Alexander Eiler, Dag O. Hessen
Summary: Lakes play a significant role in the global climate, but the environmental drivers of CO2 concentrations along latitudinal and climate gradients are not well understood. This study investigated boreal, sub-Arctic, and high-Arctic lakes in Norway to better understand net heterotrophy and gas balance. The results showed that CO2 saturation levels varied more than O2 saturation levels, and the CO2:O2 ratio was mainly influenced by DOC concentration in boreal lakes and conductivity in sub-Arctic and high-Arctic lakes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
David Olefeldt, Mikael Hovemyr, McKenzie A. Kuhn, David Bastviken, Theodore J. Bohn, John Connolly, Patrick Crill, Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Sarah A. Finkelstein, Helene Genet, Guido Grosse, Lorna Harris, Liam Heffernan, Manuel Helbig, Gustaf Hugelius, Ryan Hutchins, Sari Juutinen, Mark J. Lara, Avni Malhotra, Kristen Manies, A. David McGuire, Susan M. Natali, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Aleksi Raesaenen, Christina Schaedel, Oliver Sonnentag, Maria Strack, Suzanne E. Tank, Claire Treat, Ruth K. Varner, Tarmo Virtanen, Rebecca K. Warren, Jennifer D. Watts
Summary: The study introduces the BorealArctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD) to estimate the distribution of wetlands and lakes in the Arctic region. Using expert assessments and random forest modeling, the dataset provides the distribution of various wetland and lake classes, helping to improve assessments of current and future methane emissions.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Meng Luo, Fa Li, Dalei Hao, Qing Zhu, Hamid Dashti, Min Chen
Summary: Land use and land cover change (LULCC) affects the carbon cycle in ecosystems. To predict future LULCC and carbon cycle changes, scientists use spatial downscaling methods to create detailed LULCC maps. However, different methods can lead to different results and can impact carbon cycle projections. Our study found that using different spatial downscaling methods can contribute to a large portion of the uncertainty in future projections of LULCC and carbon cycle over the Arctic-Boreal region.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Hedvig Kriszta Csapo, Michal Grabowski, Jan Marcin Weslawski
Summary: The Atlantification of the European Arctic is a complex phenomenon driven mainly by the changing properties of Atlantic water, leading to the alteration of local ecosystems towards a more temperate state and the appearance/range expansion of subarctic-boreal species at higher latitudes. This poses a threat to Arctic marine communities, with increasing biological complexity, (re)colonisation of boreal organisms, and the role of floating plastic debris in aiding the distribution of marine taxa as key factors.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Michael Previdi, Karen L. Smith, Lorenzo M. Polvani
Summary: Arctic amplification (AA) is a prominent feature of climate change, mainly caused by local feedbacks and changes in energy transport. The feedbacks and energy transport changes are highly dependent on the climate system state, with significant implications for past and future climate change.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Anna-Maria Virkkala, Susan M. Natali, Brendan M. Rogers, Jennifer D. Watts, Kathleen Savage, Sara June Connon, Marguerite Mauritz, Edward A. G. Schuur, Darcy Peter, Christina Minions, Julia Nojeim, Roisin Commane, Craig A. Emmerton, Mathias Goeckede, Manuel Helbig, David Holl, Hiroki Iwata, Hideki Kobayashi, Pasi Kolari, Efren Lopez-Blanco, Maija E. Marushchak, Mikhail Mastepanov, Lutz Merbold, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Matthias Peichl, Torsten Sachs, Oliver Sonnentag, Masahito Ueyama, Carolina Voigt, Mika Aurela, Julia Boike, Gerardo Celis, Namyi Chae, Torben R. Christensen, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Sigrid Dengel, Han Dolman, Colin W. Edgar, Bo Elberling, Eugenie Euskirchen, Achim Grelle, Juha Hatakka, Elyn Humphreys, Jarvi Jarveoja, Ayumi Kotani, Lars Kutzbach, Tuomas Laurila, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Yojiro Matsuura, Gesa Meyer, Mats B. Nilsson, Steven F. Oberbauer, Sang-Jong Park, Roman Petrov, Anatoly S. Prokushkin, Christopher Schulze, Vincent L. St Louis, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, William Quinton, Andrej Varlagin, Donatella Zona, Viacheslav I. Zyryanov
Summary: This study developed a standardized monthly database of Arctic-boreal CO2 fluxes (ABCflux) that aggregates in situ measurements of terrestrial net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its derived partitioned component fluxes. The database includes 244 sites and 6309 monthly observations, providing valuable data for understanding the regional and temporal variability in CO2 fluxes.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Salvatore R. Curasi, Ned Fetcher, Rebecca E. Hewitt, Peter M. Lafleur, Michael M. Loranty, Michelle C. Mack, Jeremy L. May, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Susan M. Natali, Steven F. Oberbauer, Thomas C. Parker, Oliver Sonnentag, Sergio A. Vargas Zesati, Stan D. Wullschleger, Adrian Rocha
Summary: Foundation species, such as tussock sedges, play a disproportionately large role in shaping ecosystem structure and function. This study investigates the impact of climate change on the distribution and carbon stocks of tussock sedges in the Arctic region. The findings highlight the need to better understand and represent the role of tussock sedges in predicting future changes in Arctic carbon stocks.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Elisie Karesdotter, Georgia Destouni, Navid Ghajarnia, Gustaf Hugelius, Zahra Kalantari
Summary: Wetlands in the Arctic region cover approximately 25% of the landmass, with 99% of them located in permafrost areas, making them highly vulnerable to future climate change. The study suggests that Arctic wetlands are at risk of significant ecosystem regime shifts, especially under high emission scenarios. The developed wetland and vulnerability maps can help in planning and protecting the most vulnerable areas.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yichen Zhang, Shilong Piao, Yan Sun, Brendan M. Rogers, Xiangyi Li, Xu Lian, Zhihua Liu, Anping Chen, Josep Penuelas
Summary: Vegetation productivity in the Northern Hemisphere has increased under climate change, but the correlations with summer temperature are projected to decrease by the end of the century. This could have implications for the terrestrial carbon sink. The relationship between summer vegetation productivity and temperature will become negative in temperate and boreal regions by the late twenty-first century, while Arctic vegetation productivity continues to increase with further summer warming. This suggests that photosynthetic thermal acclimation may mitigate the negative impacts of future warming on vegetation.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carly A. Phillips, Brendan M. Rogers, Molly Elder, Sol Cooperdock, Michael Moubarak, James T. Randerson, Peter C. Frumhoff
Summary: Wildfires in boreal North America release large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions, posing significant climate risks. Current fire management practices effectively limit burned area, while increasing investment in fire management can help avoid carbon dioxide emissions at comparable or lower costs than other mitigation strategies.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tatiana A. Shestakova, Brendan Mackey, Sonia Hugh, Jackie Dean, Elena A. Kukavskaya, Jocelyne Laflamme, Evgeny G. Shvetsov, Brendan M. Rogers
Summary: Deforestation and forest degradation are concerning issues in human land use. The conservation of old-growth and other forests with important environmental values is crucial for protecting biodiversity, mitigating climate change impacts, and supporting sustainable livelihoods. This study developed a novel approach for mapping forest ecosystem stability based on satellite data, providing accurate and applicable results for identifying and conserving stable forests.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhihua Liu, John S. Kimball, Ashley P. Ballantyne, Nicholas C. Parazoo, Wen J. Wang, Ana Bastos, Nima Madani, Susan M. Natali, Jennifer D. Watts, Brendan M. Rogers, Philippe Ciais, Kailiang Yu, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Frederic Chevallier, Wouter Peters, Prabir K. Patra, Naveen Chandra
Summary: The warming of northern high latitude regions has led to uncertainty in the net CO2 balance of these ecosystems. While the early-growing season shows similar trends of net CO2 uptake, the late-growing season sees a significant increase in respiratory CO2 loss with higher tree cover, offsetting the photosynthetic CO2 uptake.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ana Bastos, Philippe Ciais, Stephen Sitch, Luiz E. O. C. Aragao, Frederic Chevallier, Dominic Fawcett, Thais M. Rosan, Marielle Saunois, Dirk Guenther, Lucia Perugini, Colas Robert, Zhu Deng, Julia Pongratz, Raphael Ganzenmueller, Richard Fuchs, Karina Winkler, Soenke Zaehle, Clement Albergel
Summary: The Global Stocktake (GST) mandated by the Paris Agreement requires improved capabilities to quantify GHG emissions and removals at global and national levels. The challenge lies in harmonizing national GHG inventories while accounting for different implementation approaches and reducing uncertainties in Earth Observation (EO) datasets. The use of EO approaches can help enhance national GHG estimates and contribute to the goals of the Paris Agreement.
CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Juan M. Requena-Mullor, Allison Steiner, Gretchen Keppel-Aleks, Ines Ibanez
Summary: Climate change is forecasted to enhance the global hydrological cycle through increased ET. The changes in ET have significant implications for water-related ecosystem services and forest productivity. Forests are vital for ET as active trees sequester carbon but lose water, while inactive trees retain water but have reduced productivity. This study estimates the resilience of forests in recovering from extreme water or productivity losses across the US using remote sensing methods. The findings reveal spatial trade-offs in resilience, with forests in the drier west showing more resilience to water loss and forests in the wetter east exhibiting greater resilience to productivity loss. However, resilience varies greatly across the continent and climate change projections suggest a 13% decline or increase in forest resilience, with regional patterns and high spatial heterogeneity within regions. This research provides crucial insights into the impact of climate change on water dynamics, productivity, and water provision in forests using satellite-based observations.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Andrew L. Mullen, Jennifer D. Watts, Brendan M. Rogers, Mark L. Carroll, Clayton D. Elder, Jonas Noomah, Zachary Williams, Jordan A. Caraballo-Vega, Allison Bredder, Eliza Rickenbaugh, Eric Levenson, Sarah W. Cooley, Jacqueline K. Y. Hung, Greg Fiske, Stefano Potter, Yili Yang, Charles E. Miller, Susan M. Natali, Thomas A. Douglas, Ethan D. Kyzivat
Summary: Small water bodies, such as ponds, have a significant impact on Earth System processes, but detecting and monitoring them using satellite imagery has been challenging. A new approach using high-resolution optical satellite imagery and deep learning methods allows for mapping seasonal changes in pond and lake areas. This method has various applications including assessing water resources, land cover change, wildlife management, and biogeochemical modeling.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Masayuki Kondo, Motoki Sasakawa, Toshinobu Machida, Mikhail Arshinov, Tetsuya Hiyama
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yasunori Tohjima, Yosuke Niwa, Prabir K. K. Patra, Hitoshi Mukai, Toshinobu Machida, Motoki Sasakawa, Kazuhiro Tsuboi, Kazuyuki Saito, Akihiko Ito
Summary: We developed a near-real-time estimation method for temporal changes in fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions from China based on atmospheric CO2 and CH4 observations in Japan. The method uses the sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 ratios to changes in continental emissions. By analyzing the data and using an atmospheric transport model, we found a linear relationship between the delta CO2/delta CH4 ratio and the FFCO2/CH4 emission ratio in China. Using this relationship, we converted the observed ratios into emission ratios and calculated the changes in FFCO2 emissions for 2020-2022.
PROGRESS IN EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Richard Massey, Brendan M. Rogers, Logan T. Berner, Sol Cooperdock, Michelle C. Mack, Xanthe J. Walker, Scott J. Goetz
Summary: Deciduous tree cover is expected to increase in North American boreal forests with climate warming and wildfire, potentially generating biophysical cooling. However, recent decades have seen a small net decrease in deciduous fraction and near-neutral net biophysical change in radiative forcing associated with albedo, indicating no systematic negative feedbacks to climate warming.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Michael Moubarak, Seeta Sistla, Stefano Potter, Susan M. Natali, Brendan M. Rogers
Summary: Tundra environments are experiencing increased wildfires due to rapid climate change. These wildfires release significant amounts of greenhouse gases, which affect the Earth's radiative balance. This study estimated the carbon loss and resulting radiative forcings from the 2015 tundra wildfires in Alaska, finding a total loss of 2.04 Tg of organic matter and 0.91 Tg of carbon.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sourish Basu, Xin Lan, Edward Dlugokencky, Sylvia Michel, Stefan Schwietzke, John B. Miller, Lori Bruhwiler, Youmi Oh, Pieter P. Tans, Francesco Apadula, Luciana V. Gatti, Armin Jordan, Jaroslaw Necki, Motoki Sasakawa, Shinji Morimoto, Tatiana Di Iorio, Haeyoung Lee, Jgor Arduini, Giovanni Manca
Summary: This study constructed an atmospheric inversion framework based on TM5-4DVAR to estimate global methane emissions for the period 1999-2016 by assimilating measurements of methane and delta C-13 of methane. It was found that traditional atmospheric inversions using CH4 data alone were unlikely to provide emission estimates consistent with delta C-13 data, highlighting the importance of assimilating delta C-13 data in emission estimations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Pierre Friedlingstein, Matthew W. Jones, Michael O'Sullivan, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quere, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Rob B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Peter Anthoni, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Laurent Bopp, Thi Tuyet Trang Chau, Frederic Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Kim I. Currie, Bertrand Decharme, Laique M. Djeutchouang, Xinyu Dou, Wiley Evans, Richard A. Feely, Liang Feng, Thomas Gasser, Dennis Gilfillan, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Ozgur Gurses, Ian Harris, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Atul Jain, Steve D. Jones, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jurgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Arne Kortzinger, Peter Landschutzer, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefevre, Sebastian Lienert, Junjie Liu, Gregg Marland, Patrick C. McGuire, Joe R. Melton, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Tsuneo Ono, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rodenbeck, Thais M. Rosan, Jorg Schwinger, Clemens Schwingshackl, Roland Seferian, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Chisato Wada, Rik Wanninkhof, Andrew J. Watson, David Willis, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sonke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng
Summary: Accurate assessment of anthropogenic CO2 emissions and their redistribution among different components is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle. This study presents datasets and methodologies to quantify the major components of the global carbon budget. The results show changes in fossil fuel and land-use change emissions, as well as atmospheric CO2 concentration, ocean CO2 sink, and terrestrial CO2 sink.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zhu Deng, Philippe Ciais, Zitely A. Tzompa-Sosa, Marielle Saunois, Chunjing Qiu, Chang Tan, Taochun Sun, Piyu Ke, Yanan Cui, Katsumasa Tanaka, Xin Lin, Rona L. Thompson, Hanqin Tian, Yuanzhi Yao, Yuanyuan Huang, Ronny Lauerwald, Atul K. Jain, Xiaoming Xu, Ana Bastos, Stephen Sitch, Paul I. Palmer, Thomas Lauvaux, Alexandre d'Aspremont, Clement Giron, Antoine Benoit, Benjamin Poulter, Jinfeng Chang, Ana Maria Roxana Petrescu, Steven J. Davis, Zhu Liu, Giacomo Grassi, Clement Albergel, Francesco N. Tubiello, Lucia Perugini, Wouter Peters, Frederic Chevallier
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive framework to process the results of an ensemble of atmospheric inversions in order to make their net ecosystem exchange carbon dioxide flux suitable for evaluating national greenhouse gas inventories, finding differences between inversion results and national reports, especially in methane and nitrous oxide emissions.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marine Remaud, Frederic Chevallier, Fabienne Maignan, Sauveur Belviso, Antoine Berchet, Alexandra Parouffe, Camille Abadie, Cedric Bacour, Sinikka Lennartz, Philippe Peylin
Summary: This study explores the benefits of assimilating COS and CO2 measurements into an atmospheric transport model to obtain consistent information on GPP, plant respiration, and COS budget. The results show that COS uptake is higher in high latitudes and oceanic emissions are higher in the tropics. The inverse system corrects the underestimated GPP in high latitudes but disagrees with other data on the seasonal GPP variation in the tropics.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
