Article
Energy & Fuels
Yakun Zhang, Stephanie A. Coronel, Remy Mevel
Summary: This study presents the performances of four commonly-used extrapolation models, investigates the effects of experimental limitations, and analyzes the model and noise errors in the overall extrapolation uncertainty. The study suggests using large experimental facilities and high camera framing rates to reduce noise error, and recommends selecting the model that best reproduces flame propagation for extrapolation to zero-stretch. The procedures developed in this study can be used to predict extrapolation-induced error and optimize laminar flame speed experiments.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ashkan Movaghar, Robert Lawson, Fokion N. Egolfopoulos
Summary: A new radiation model was developed to solve the radiation heat loss in determining laminar flame speeds experimentally, integrating successfully into a hybrid thermodynamic-radiation model. Experimental data showed consistency and reasonable agreement with two kinetic models.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yakun Zhang, Marine Jeanson, Remy Mevel, Zheng Chen, Nabiha Chaumeix
Summary: This study utilized the flame stability theory of Matalon to adjust mixture properties for the onset of cellular flame at a predetermined large radius, showing that uncertainty in critical flame radius calculation mainly comes from fundamental transport and kinetic data. Despite the accuracy of the tailored flame speed measurement, inaccurate parameters can lead to significantly over-estimated critical radius for cellular flame onset. The use of unsteady 1-D simulations with various chemical mechanisms demonstrated the characterization of unstretched laminar flame speed with relative error below 10% for most conditions, while capturing flame dynamical response to stretch rate only under specific conditions.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Berk Can Duva, Lauren Elizabeth Chance, Elisa Toulson
Summary: The study investigated the effect of lower radius limits on extrapolation results of stretch models for spherically expanding flames, identifying a critical lower radius limit (R-L,R-critical) that converges laminar flame speed and burned gas Markstein length values. The critical lower radius limit strongly depends on the burned gas Markstein number (Ma(b)), with a correlation shown as |Ma(b)| = 0.8424*R-L,R-critical. This approach was used to correct laminar flame speeds and burned gas Markstein lengths for methane, hydrogen, propane, and iso-octane flames, resulting in comparisons with previously published experimental data.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mattias A. Turner, Tyler T. Paschal, Pradeep Parajuli, Waruna D. Kulatilaka, Eric L. Petersen
Summary: A high-speed chemiluminescence imaging diagnostic system has been developed to measure flame properties, showing excellent agreement between experimental results and literature values. The study found no significant differences in flame speeds or Markstein lengths derived from different emission wavelength bands. This implies that multiple flame properties can be acquired simultaneously using this method.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Robert Lawson, Vyaas Gururajan, Ashkan Movaghar, Fokion N. Egolfopoulos
Summary: The study investigates the autoignition characteristics of dimethyl-ether/oxygen/nitrogen/helium reactive mixtures using a confined spherically expanding flame technique. Experimental results show the classic two-stage ignition behavior, and numerical models were used to analyze the results. The simulation results accurately capture the physics of unsteady flame propagation, end-gas autoignition, and controlling reactions of the autoignition process.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Mouze-Mornettas, M. Martin Benito, G. Dayma, C. Chauveau, B. Cuenot, F. Halter
Summary: Pure methane-oxygen mixtures in liquid rocket engines create extreme pressure and temperature conditions that are difficult to replicate in experiments. This lack of data, especially regarding laminar flame speed Su at atmospheric pressure, poses a challenge for designing methalox rocket engines using CFD calculations. To address this issue, flame measurements were conducted in an isochoric combustion chamber with optical access, generating an extensive database for various conditions. Different chemical mechanisms were compared to the experimental results, and the most accurate mechanism was selected. Sensitivity analysis identified key reactions controlling the flame speed, which can be fine-tuned to match the experimental data.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Du Wang, Changwei Ji, Shuofeng Wang, Jinxin Yang, Zhe Wang
Summary: This study extensively investigated the combustion properties of ammonia/hydrogen/air premixed combustion and found that most properties of ammonia/hydrogen combustion could be comparable to that of hydrocarbon fuels, except for a slightly lower mixture heating value. The NO mole fraction of stoichiometric ammonia/hydrogen could be even lower than that of hydrocarbons. Promising working conditions for ammonia/hydrogen mixtures are phi from 1.0 to 1.05 and alpha from 40% to 60%.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mattias A. Turner, Tyler T. Paschal, Pradeep Parajuli, Waruna D. Kulatilaka, Eric L. Petersen
Summary: The coupling of CFD simulations with detailed chemical kinetics improves the prediction of reacting flows, but requires validated input parameters. The spatial profile of a combustion wave, measured using chemiluminescence imaging, was studied for methane-air flames at different equivalence ratios. It was found that flame thickness increased with flame size, but this trend weakened with higher image resolution.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Pradeep Parajuli, Tyler T. Paschal, Mattias A. Turner, Yejun Wang, Eric L. Petersen, Waruna D. Kulatilaka
Summary: Understanding the chemical kinetics involved in hydrocarbon flame ignition and propagation is crucial for developing efficient and clean combustion devices for aerospace applications. This study utilized high-speed chemiluminescence diagnostics to characterize the spatial and temporal flame front and primary combustion zone in methane-air and methane-ethane-air flames, providing insights into the effects of equivalence ratio on electronically excited radicals like OH* and CH*. High-speed imaging techniques allowed for direct flame-speed determination and observation of flame characteristics under various conditions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhipeng Yuan, Linming Xie, Xingyu Sun, Rumin Wang, Huaqin Li, Jingping Liu, Xiongbo Duan
Summary: This paper numerically simulated the effects of water vapor on the auto-ignition characteristics and laminar flame speed of the methane/air mixture. The results showed that the ignition delay time of the methane/air increased with increasing water vapor ratio, and the laminar flame speed and adiabatic combustion temperature decreased as well.
Article
Energy & Fuels
R. Rabello de Castro, P. Brequigny, J. P. Dufitumukiza, C. Mounaim-Rousselle
Summary: Syngas, a gaseous biofuel, requires operation mode adaptation when used for stationary electricity generation in Internal Combustion engines. Research indicates that combustion parameters of different syngas compositions from various gasifiers affect flame speeds, with Updraft and Downdraft compositions showing higher speeds. Kinetic modeling results show good overall agreement with experimental data, with CRECK mechanism deviating by only 5-10%.
Article
Thermodynamics
Marie-Eve Clavel, Pierre Schleuniger, Yiqing Wang, Alexis Vandel, Vincent Modica, Zheng Chen, Bruno Renou
Summary: The study investigates the measurement of laminar burning velocity under various conditions using density weighted displacement speeds. The effects of pressure decrease and flame stretch on burned gas velocity are analyzed, and it is found that a correction factor is needed to accurately determine LBV at low pressures. Additionally, the kinetic schemes for methane and n-decane are validated at low pressures.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lingzhi Zheng, Zach Nygaard, Miguel Figueroa-Labastida, Adam J. Susa, Alison M. Ferris, Ronald K. Hanson
Summary: In this experiment, the laminar flame speeds of premixed propane in airgon were measured at atmospheric pressure. The experiment results were compared with a kinetic model, showing a maximum difference of 16%.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
M. Di Lorenzo, P. Brequigny, F. Foucher, C. Mounaim-Rousselle
Summary: The downsized spark ignition engine is a promising technology for reducing pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the efficiency through boosting the intake air pressure. However, modeling the combustion process under drastic conditions of high pressure, high temperature, and high dilution rate remains challenging.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Annalisa Di Stazio, Christian Chauveau, Guillaume Dayma, Philippe Dagaut
Summary: Nowadays, there is a growing development and application of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS devices) due to the demand for high-efficiency systems. A new experimental device consisting of a microtubular reactor with a controlled external temperature profile has been developed. The present experimental study on C2H4/air mixtures reacting in narrow channels provides detailed information on flame combustion at microscale.
COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Nitin Lokachari, Goutham Kukkadapu, Hwasup Song, Guillaume Vanhove, Maxence Lailliau, Guillaume Dayma, Zeynep Serinyel, Kuiwen Zhang, Roland Dauphin, Brian Etz, Seonah Kim, Mathias Steglich, Andras Bodi, Gina Fioroni, Patrick Hemberger, Sergey S. Matveev, Alexander A. Konnov, Philippe Dagaut, Scott W. Wagnon, William J. Pitz, Henry J. Curran
Summary: This study aims to develop and validate a detailed kinetic model for di-isobutylene to capture more new experimental data. Part 1 focuses on the low-to intermediate temperature kinetics of di-isobutylene. Measurements of ignition delay times and species identified during the oxidation process were performed to evaluate the most sensitive reactions controlling the ignition delay times of the DIB isomers under the pressure and temperature conditions necessary for autoignition in engines.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Fabien Halter, Valentin Glasziou, Marco Di Lorenzo, Stany Gallier, Christian Chauveau
Summary: This work experimentally investigates the combustion of aluminum in steam and reveals a complex mechanism not observed in other oxidizers. The detached flame is weak and close to the surface, and alumina smoke condenses into a large satellite. The measured burning times are longer and the efficiency of steam is lower than expected.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Giorgia Cenedese, Zeynep Serinyel, Fabien Halter, Fabrice Foucher, Guillaume Dayma
Summary: Spark ignition engines are essential in the transport sector, and the improvement of the fuels used is crucial for economic and environmental reasons. This study investigates the use of ethyl lactate as an innovative anti-knock additive, with promising experimental results and a kinetic mechanism that shows good performance. The findings indicate that ethyl lactate exhibits a greater anti-knock capability compared to ethanol. Rating: 7/10.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zeynep Serinyel, Maxence Lailliau, Guillaume Dayma, Philippe Dagaut
Summary: The oxidation of di-isopropyl-ether (DIPE) was investigated in a jet-stirred reactor under different fuel conditions. Mole fraction profiles were obtained and analyzed by gas chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Unlike previous studies on ethers, DIPE exhibited no low-temperature reactivity under the same experimental conditions. The oxidation of DIPE in rich mixture resembled pyrolysis, producing propene and isopropanol, while isopropanol was not observed under lean conditions. DIPE showed lower fuel conversion compared to other symmetric ethers previously studied, as confirmed by simulation with the ether oxidation mechanism.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chaimae Bariki, Fabien Halter, Raik Hesse, Christian Chauveau, Heinz Pitsch, Joachim Beeckmann
Summary: Nitrogen is used as an alternative to CO2 in the fire suppression industry, slowing down flame propagation in case of a fire outbreak. To quantify flame spread with nitrogen dilution, laminar flame speed of the mixture needs to be evaluated. Experiments under earth gravity showed that laminar flame speed extraction is impossible for highly dilute conditions due to flame-front distortions. To overcome this, experiments were carried out under microgravity, showing a reduction in flame speed induced by radiation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Alka Karan, Guillaume Dayma, Christian Chauveau, Fabien Halter
Summary: Ammonia as a fuel has attracted attention in the combustion community due to its advantages such as no carbon emissions. However, ammonia-air flames have thick flames and low flame speeds. Understanding the flame structure and behavior of emitted species is important for better knowledge of the combustion process. The experiments conducted here on a Bunsen burner investigated flame thickness, preheat zone, and the effect of curvature on flame reactivity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Nitin Lokachari, Goutham Kukkadapu, Brian D. Etz, Gina M. Fioroni, Seonah Kim, Mathias Steglich, Andras Bodi, Patrick Hemberger, Sergey S. Matveev, Anna Thomas, Hwasup Song, Guillaume Vanhove, Kuiwen Zhang, Guillaume Dayma, Maxence Lailliau, Zeynep Serinyel, Alexander A. Konnov, Philippe Dagaut, William J. Pitz, Henry J. Curran
Summary: A wide range of high temperature experimental data was obtained to complement the oxidation data of the two di-isobutylene isomers presented in Part I, providing a basis for validating the developed kinetic model. Utilizing a pyrolysis microflow reactor, radical intermediates and stable products were detected for the di-isobutylene isomers in high dilution. Additional speciation data under oxidative conditions were recorded using a plug flow reactor, and combustion products were analyzed using GC and MS. Ignition delay time measurements, laminar burning velocities, and electronic structure calculations were also performed, and the predictions of the present mechanism were found to be in good agreement with the experimental measurements.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Mouze-Mornettas, M. Martin Benito, G. Dayma, C. Chauveau, B. Cuenot, F. Halter
Summary: Pure methane-oxygen mixtures in liquid rocket engines create extreme pressure and temperature conditions that are difficult to replicate in experiments. This lack of data, especially regarding laminar flame speed Su at atmospheric pressure, poses a challenge for designing methalox rocket engines using CFD calculations. To address this issue, flame measurements were conducted in an isochoric combustion chamber with optical access, generating an extensive database for various conditions. Different chemical mechanisms were compared to the experimental results, and the most accurate mechanism was selected. Sensitivity analysis identified key reactions controlling the flame speed, which can be fine-tuned to match the experimental data.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
I. Gonzalez de Arrieta, C. Blanchard, P. Laboureur, C. Chauveau, C. Genevois, O. Rozenbaum, F. Halter
Summary: The goal of this article is to study and understand the poorly understood phenomenology of micron-sized Al/air flames in order to assess their potential as an energy carrier based on aluminum powders. The combustion efficiency, temperature, radiative profile, and solid combustion products of a flame prototype have been thoroughly investigated. A theoretical model has been developed to analyze the radiative properties of the flame, specifically for an optically thin collection of burning Al particles with a core-shell geometry. The model successfully reproduces the experimental results, making it a valuable starting point for future modeling experiments involving strong emission from nanoparticle clouds.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zahraa Dbouk, Nesrine Belhadj, Maxence Lailliau, Roland Benoit, Guillaume Dayma, Philippe Dagaut
Summary: The autoxidation of n-butane was experimentally studied in different conditions. Gas phase samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while liquid phase samples were analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl groups were detected in the oxidation products. Kinetic modeling using a literature kinetic mechanism showed the need for improvements to describe the oxidation of n-butane under the studied conditions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Qifeng Hou, Wang Li, Jiabin Huang, Changyang Wang, Jiuzhong Yang, Zeynep Serinyel, Guillaume Dayma, William J. Pitz, Long Zhao, Feng Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the thermal decomposition mechanism of pyrrolidine and provides rate coefficients for various reaction channels. The results show that the stabilization of cyc-C2H5N is favored over other channels.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nicolas Villenave, Guillaume Dayma, Pierre Brequigny, Fabrice Foucher
Summary: This study presents experimental ignition delay measurements of ultra-lean hydrogen/air mixtures under internal combustion engine conditions, and compares them with hydrogen kinetic mechanisms. The results show a good agreement with numerical simulations and investigate the impact of 2 HO2 2OH + O-2 addition and new third-body efficiencies of H2O on prediction.