Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Naoto Shiraishi
Summary: We propose a time-symmetric counterpart of the current in stochastic thermodynamics called the timesymmetric current. This current is defined using empirical measures and is therefore symmetric under time reversal, while its ensemble average reproduces the average current. We prove that this timesymmetric current satisfies the fluctuation-response relation, albeit with sign inversion. Importantly, this relation holds not only near equilibrium states but also around nonequilibrium stationary states when observed currents stall. The obtained relation also serves as an experimental tool for measuring the value of a bare transition rate by measuring only time-integrated empirical measures.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Ying-Jen Yang, Hong Qian
Summary: A stochastic dynamics consists of a drift and a martingale increment, representing the mean rate of change and randomness, respectively. These two components, although statistically uncorrelated, contribute to the overall fluctuations of the dynamics, capturing uncertainties in the past and future. We demonstrate that fluctuation-dissipation relations like the Einstein relation and the Green-Kubo formula can be formulated for any stochastic process with a steady state, without assuming the process to be Markovian, reversible, or linear. Furthermore, we show that reversibility in equilibrium leads to an additional symmetry in the covariance between the system's state and drift. Potential directions for generalizing these results to processes without steady states are briefly discussed.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Takaaki Monnai
Summary: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) provides a universal entropic bound for the precision of charge transfer fluctuations in continuous-time stochastic processes. However, extending TUR to general nonequilibrium dynamics remains an unsolved problem. In this study, we derive TUR for arbitrary finite time intervals and present a necessary and sufficient condition for multidimensional TUR. We also discover universal scaling relations between the mean and variance of charge transfer in the short time regime, deepening our understanding of the connection between the fluctuation theorem and the thermodynamic uncertainty relation.
Article
Optics
Matteo Fadel, Lorenzo Maccone
Summary: Textbook quantum mechanics treats time as a classical parameter rather than a quantum observable, which fails to explain conventional time-energy uncertainty relations. However, with quantum clocks, it is possible to measure time and derive two uncertainty relations linking time quantum measurement uncertainty to energy uncertainty.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Ken Hiura, Shin-ichi Sasa
Summary: The kinetic uncertainty relation is a trade-off relation between the precision of an observable and the mean dynamical activity in a fixed time interval for a time-homogeneous and continuous Markov chain. The relation derived in this study shows that the precision of the first passage time is bounded by the mean number of jumps up to that time. The activity constraint provides a tighter bound than the thermodynamic uncertainty relation in systems far from equilibrium.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Sangyun Lee, Meesoon Ha, Hawoong Jeong
Summary: By studying the quantum and classical Otto cycles, it was found that quantumness can reduce productivity and precision in the quasistatic limit but increase them in the finite-time mode. Moreover, the precision of the quantum Otto cycle surpasses that of the classical one as the strength between the system and the bath increases. Additionally, both quantum and classical Otto cycles violate the conventional TUR in the region where entropy production is small in the finite-time mode, suggesting the need for a modified TUR to cover such scenarios.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Juliane Klatt, Chahan M. Kropf, Stefan Y. Buhmann
Summary: This letter reexamines commonly used approximations and presents a theory for decay in open quantum systems that covers all time scales, including Markovian and linear response results as limiting cases. The theory is then applied to the phenomenon of quantum friction.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Domingos S. P. Salazar
Summary: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) is a lower bound for the variance of a current as a function of the average entropy production. Depending on the assumptions, different versions of TUR can be obtained.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Chulan Kwon, Hyun Keun Lee
Summary: In this paper, we derive the TUR for underdamped systems subject to general time-dependent protocols, including steady states. We show that the resultant TUR leads to an inequality for the product of the variance and entropy production, and approaches the known overdamped result for large viscosity limit.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yoshihiko Hasegawa
Summary: This study examines the relationship between entropy production and irreversibility, proposing a thermodynamic uncertainty relation and using the Loschmidt echo to bound the precision of counting observables in continuous quantum Markov processes. The exploration of specific perturbed dynamics leads to several thermodynamic uncertainty relations, indicating a unified perspective on classical and quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relations.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Mingxue Liao, Dong Shen, Pin Lv
Summary: In this study, a unified mathematical model was established to reveal the precise relation between data uncertainty (DU) and data relation uncertainty (DRU). The experimental results showed the high accuracy of this model under various conditions, with a relative error and absolute error of less than 0.2%. The model can be used to quantitatively estimate DRU according to a given DU and vice versa. Unexpectedly, the experiments showed that high DU will not necessarily lead to high DRU, which is highly significant for the design of data sorting and query algorithms with uncertain data.
KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Yanhui Li, Yu-Xin Ren
Summary: In this paper, a scale-aware dispersion-relation-preserving finite difference scheme is proposed for computational aeroacoustics. The scheme accurately captures the amplitude and phase of waves and achieves precise dispersion relation within a broad wavenumber range. It also effectively suppresses nonphysical oscillations.
Article
Mechanics
A. Kopyev, A. S. Il'yn, V. A. Sirota, K. P. Zybin
Summary: We investigate the kinematic evolution of a magnetic field transported by turbulent hydrodynamic flow and extend the Kazantsev-Kraichnan model to study time irreversible flows. Our results show that the spectrum of the magnetic field in the viscous range follows a power law with a flatter slope compared to the predictions of the Kazantsev model, in agreement with numerical simulations. The rate of magnetic energy growth is slower in this non-time symmetric case. Additionally, we find that the formation of a power-law spectrum in high magnetic Prandtl turbulent plasma takes a very long time and may not occur due to nonlinearity, proposing an alternative viewpoint for describing the spectrum shape at finite time.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano, Luca Smaldone
Summary: The time-energy uncertainty relation plays a crucial role in quantum mechanics, and has recently been derived for neutrino oscillations. It has been found that neutrinos can naturally emerge as unstable-like particles in this context. Further studies have explored the effects of gravity and quantum field theory on neutrino oscillations.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Patrick Pietzonka
Summary: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation is a universal trade-off between driving an autonomous system and the precision of output observable. It has been proven for discrete systems and overdamped Brownian motion, but the validity for underdamped Brownian motion remains uncertain. Through constructing a counterexample inspired by a pendulum clock, we disprove the conjecture and show that the uncertainty relation is broken by underdamped harmonic oscillators in thermal equilibrium.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Francesco Avanzini, Massimiliano Esposito
Summary: This study investigates the thermodynamic implications of two control mechanisms in open chemical reaction networks. It is shown that the two mechanisms can be mapped to each other, and thermodynamic theories developed for concentration control can also be applied to flux control. Furthermore, the study finds that while the two mechanisms are equivalent at steady state, flux control may lead to different behaviors.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Gianmaria Falasco, Massimiliano Esposito, Jean-Charles Delvenne
Summary: This study derives novel bounds on the nonlinear response of a system undergoing a change of probabilistic state, based on a recent geometric generalization of thermodynamic uncertainty relations. These bounds have various applications, including trade-offs between thermodynamic cost and system reliability, speed limits for non-autonomous Markov processes, and upper bounds on the nonlinear response based on the complexity of the system.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jorge Tabanera, Ines Luque, Samuel L. Jacob, Massimiliano Esposito, Felipe Barra, Juan M. R. Parrondo
Summary: Collisional reservoirs are important in modeling open quantum systems, where theoretical solutions in one dimension with flat interaction potentials are feasible. Approximate scattering map methods help preserve the system's symmetries and achieve thermalization effectively.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shuntaro Amano, Massimiliano Esposito, Elisabeth Kreidt, David A. Leigh, Emanuele Penocchio, Benjamin M. W. Roberts
Summary: The framework of information thermodynamics allows us to quantitatively relate information to other thermodynamic parameters and reveals the generation of energy and information flow in the chemical to mechanical process. This is of great significance for understanding the thermodynamic level of molecular motors and has practical implications for machine design.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jan Meibohm, Massimiliano Esposito
Summary: We have discovered a finite-time dynamical phase transition in the thermal relaxation process, which is characterized by a cusp singularity in the probability distribution of the magnetization at a critical time. This transition is attributed to the sudden switch in dynamics, represented by a dynamical order parameter. We have developed a dynamical Landau theory that applies to various systems with scalar, parity-invariant order parameters. Our theory reveals an exact mapping between the dynamical and equilibrium phase transitions of the magnetic model near criticality, suggesting critical exponents of mean-field type. We propose that neglected interactions between nearby saddle points at the mean-field level may lead to spatiotemporal fluctuations and give rise to novel dynamical critical phenomena.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Emanuele Penocchio, Francesco Avanzini, Massimiliano Esposito
Summary: This study extends the scope of information thermodynamics to deterministic bipartite chemical reaction networks and introduces a meaningful concept of mutual information between different molecular features. By using this concept, separate second laws can be formulated for each subnetwork, and the working mechanisms of chemically driven self-assembly and light-driven bimolecular motor can be investigated.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shesha Gopal Marehalli Srinivas, Matteo Polettini, Massimiliano Esposito, Francesco Avanzini
Summary: This paper investigates the relationship between the chemical master equation and its dual equation for stochastic chemical processes. By studying the topological properties of the chemical reaction network, it is determined whether they satisfy the law of mass-action. It is proven that only networks with zero deficiency can satisfy the law of mass-action, while other networks cannot invert the direction of their steady-state reactions by controlling the kinetic constants. Therefore, the deficiency of the network determines the non-invertibility of the chemical dynamics. Furthermore, it is shown that catalytic chemical networks do not have zero deficiency when they are driven out of equilibrium due to species exchange with the environment.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Krzysztof Ptaszynski, Massimiliano Esposito
Summary: There is controversy about whether the coherent superposition of occupied states of two fermionic modes should be regarded as entangled, and whether the quantum correlations it possesses are accessible and usable as a resource. The superselection rule has been cited as a reason for why this entanglement cannot be accessed through local operations on individual modes. However, this study demonstrates that entanglement of a two-mode fermionic state can be utilized as a genuine quantum resource in open-system thermodynamic processes, enabling tasks that are forbidden for separable states. Quantum thermodynamics can thus provide insight into the nature of fermionic entanglement and its operational meaning.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jorge Tabanera-Bravo, Juan M. R. Parrondo, Massimiliano Esposito, Felipe Barra
Summary: We introduce a class of quantum maps that can thermalize a system in collisional reservoirs when combined with a dephasing mechanism. These maps describe collision effects, inducing transitions obeying detailed balance and creating coherences that prevent thermalization. By combining these maps with random unitary evolution causing dephasing, we find that a low collision rate leads to thermalization in the system. This scenario is suitable for modeling equilibrium collisional reservoirs, and we provide a thorough characterization of the resulting thermalization process.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Krzysztof Ptaszynski, Massimiliano Esposito
Summary: The entropy production in fermionic systems is mostly quantum due to the restriction on allowed measurements imposed by the parity superselection rule. In contrast, bosonic systems allow for a larger amount of classical correlations to be accessed through Gaussian measurements. This distinction suggests a quantum-to-classical transition in the microscopic formulation of entropy production.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Krzysztof Ptaszynski, Massimiliano Esposito
Summary: This study investigates the entropy production of an open system coupled to a reservoir initialized in a canonical state. The entropy production is found to be a sum of the mutual information between the system and the bath, as well as a measure of the displacement of the environment from equilibrium. However, when the reservoir is initialized in a microcanonical or certain pure state, the information-theoretic contributions to the entropy production depend on the initial state of the reservoir.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Nahuel Freitas, Massimiliano Esposito
Summary: A CMOS-based implementation of an autonomous Maxwell's demon was proposed to demonstrate its functionality at macroscopic scales. The nonautonomous version of the model was analyzed analytically, followed by a study of system-demon information flows in generic bipartite setups. It was found that the information flow is an intensive quantity and scaling the thermodynamic forces can prevent the demon from stopping above a finite scale.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Krzysztof Ptaszynski, Massimiliano Esposito
Summary: Thermalization in open systems involves the change of the von Neumann entropy of the environment, referred to as post-thermalization, which can be qualitatively explained as a conversion of the initial correlation between the system and the bath into the correlation within the degrees of freedom in the environment. However, this conversion can be suppressed by non-Markovian dynamics or the presence of interactions.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Samuel L. Jacob, Massimiliano Esposito, Juan M. R. Parrondo, Felipe Barra
Summary: In a collision between a moving particle and a fixed system with internal degrees of freedom, the motion of the particle can act as a work source for the joint internal system, resulting in energy changes that preserve entropy. This opens up interesting perspectives for quantum thermodynamics formulations within scattering theory.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Nahuel Freitas, Karel Proesmans, Massimiliano Esposito
Summary: We investigate the relationship between reliability and entropy production in a realistic model of electronic memory, and derive an explicit expression bounding the error rate of the memory. Our results go beyond the classical instanton theory and are confirmed by comparison with stochastic simulations.