4.5 Article

COCO: a platform for comparing continuous optimizers in a black-box setting

Journal

OPTIMIZATION METHODS & SOFTWARE
Volume 36, Issue 1, Pages 114-144

Publisher

TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/10556788.2020.1808977

Keywords

Numerical optimization; black-box optimization; derivative-free optimization; benchmarking; performance assessment; test functions; runtime distributions; software

Funding

  1. French National Research Agency [ANR-12-MONU-0009]
  2. Investissement d'avenir project, LabEx LMH [ANR-11-LABX-0056-LMH]
  3. Slovenian Research Agency [Z2-8177, P2-0209]
  4. European Commission [692286]

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COCO is an open-source platform for Comparing Continuous Optimizers in a black-box setting, aiming to automate the benchmarking of numerical optimization algorithms. It allows benchmarking deterministic and stochastic solvers for both single and multiobjective optimization in the same framework.
We introduce COCO, an open-source platform for Comparing Continuous Optimizers in a black-box setting. COCO aims at automatizing the tedious and repetitive task of benchmarking numerical optimization algorithms to the greatest possible extent. The platform and the underlying methodology allow to benchmark in the same framework deterministic and stochastic solvers for both single and multiobjective optimization. We present the rationals behind the (decade-long) development of the platform as a general proposition for guidelines towards better benchmarking. We detail underlying fundamental concepts of COCO such as the definition of a problem as a function instance, the underlying idea of instances, the use of target values, and runtime defined by the number of function calls as the central performance measure. Finally, we give a quick overview of the basic code structure and the currently available test suites.

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