Article
Fisheries
Wenhan Li, Dapeng Li, Qiushi Yang, Lu Liu, Jieya Liu, Jiamin Lu, Yin Wang, Rong Tang, Li Li, Xi Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of overcrowding stress on the immunity of grass carp. It was found that high stocking density led to significant physiological stress, as indicated by increased cortisol levels. The immune system of fish reared at high stocking density was adversely affected, with decreased lysozyme activity, serum complement levels, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Overcrowding stress also resulted in the formation of melanomacrophage centers in the spleen and dysregulation of inflammatory response and signaling pathways. These findings demonstrate that long-term overcrowding stress impairs the immune function of grass carp.
Article
Fisheries
Yao-Wu Fu, Shu-Quan Guo, Jia-Ju Luo, Chi-Guo Sang, De-Jie Lin, Yan-Meng Liu, Qi-Zhong Zhang
Summary: The study aimed to screen plants mixture with high antiparasitic efficacy against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and assess their toxicity to grass carp. Combination 4 containing Cynanchum atratum and Sophora flavescens showed high efficacy in treating grass carp infected with I. multifiliis and had low toxicity potential, making it a candidate for prevention and control of the parasite in grass carp.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Palmila Liu, Taylor B. Teplitzky, Yann-Fuu Kou, Romaine F. Johnson, Stephen R. Chorney
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival and decannulation rates of children with a tracheostomy. By following 551 children, it was found that the mortality rate after tracheostomy approaches 42% by 10 years and the decannulation rate approaches 54%. Children with severe neurological disability and those requiring ventilator support had poorer long-term survival and longer times to decannulation.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wenjun Chen, Lori White, Sylvain G. Leblanc, Rasim Latifovic, Ian Olthof
Summary: Arctic temperatures have increased at almost twice the global average rate since the industrial revolution, with higher rates of climate warming at high elevations. This study utilized AVHRR time series data to investigate elevation-dependent changes to plant phenology in five study areas in Canada's Arctic, finding faster changes in the start of the growing season with increasing elevation in mountainous areas.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yan He, Hongyan Yu, Honggang Zhao, Hua Zhu, Qingjing Zhang, Anqi Wang, Yubang Shen, Xiaoyan Xu, Jiale Li
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of high stocking density on the transcriptome of grass carp, revealing that high stocking density may accelerate lipid metabolism and carbohydrate decomposition, while leading to abnormalities in immune system regulation. Therefore, emphasizing the importance of maintaining reasonable density in grass carp aquaculture.
Article
Fisheries
Siqi Ma, Cui Feng, Mengqi Han, Chenchen Dong, Wenkai Chen, Jun Dou, Dapeng Li, Xiangjiang Liu
Summary: The microbial food web, consisting of phytoplankton, microzooplankton, and bacteria, plays a crucial role in the aquatic ecosystem. However, little is known about its functions in fish culture ponds. This study investigated the changes in the microbial food web in grass carp larvae culture ponds and explored the relationships between aquatic bacteria and intestinal bacteria in grass carp larvae.
Article
Immunology
Libo He, Denghui Zhu, Xinyu Liang, Yongming Li, Lanjie Liao, Cheng Yang, Rong Huang, Zuoyan Zhu, Yaping Wang
Summary: Through transcriptome and metabolome sequencing, the study found that the susceptibility of grass carp to reovirus is influenced by age, with older grass carp showing stronger antiviral abilities. Genes involved in immune response, antigen presentation, and phagocytosis were significantly upregulated in older grass carp before and at the early stage of infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Willem W. Verstraeten, Nicolas Bruffaerts, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Letty de Weger, Mikhail Sofiev, Andy W. Delcloo
Summary: Changes in climate and land-use can lead to increased emission of allergenic pollen, causing a rise in respiratory allergies. A research study using the SILAM model found that the increase in birch pollen concentrations is associated with increasing radiation, decreasing precipitation, and decreasing wind speed, while the decrease in grass pollen concentrations is driven by a decreasing trend in grass pollen sources and decreasing precipitation.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Transplantation
Camiel L. M. de Roij van Zuijdewijn, Paul A. Rootjes, Menso J. Nube, Michiel L. Bots, Bernard Canaud, Peter J. Blankestijn, Frans J. van Ittersum, Francisco Maduell, Marion Morena, Sanne A. E. Peters, Andrew Davenport, Robin W. M. Vernooij, Muriel P. C. Grooteman
Summary: Long-term changes in peridialytic blood pressure are related to mortality in chronic haemodialysis patients. Severe declines in pre-dialytic systolic blood pressure and post-dialytic diastolic blood pressure are independently associated with increased mortality, while increases in pre-dialytic diastolic blood pressure and post-dialytic systolic blood pressure are related to reduced mortality.
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Erica Stroud, Hugh A. L. Henry
Summary: This study compared the short-term and long-term effects of nitrogen and warming on soil organic matter in northern temperate ecosystems. The results showed that the responses of soil organic matter differed between short-term and long-term experiments.
Article
Plant Sciences
Niv DeMalach, Jaime Kigel, Marcelo Sternberg
Summary: The composition of the seed bank differs from the standing vegetation over the years, with small-seeded and dormant-seeded species having higher frequency in the seed bank. There is no significant difference in the year-to-year variability between the seed bank and vegetation, but long-term compositional trends are weaker in the seed bank compared to the vegetation.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Abraao Tiago Batista Guimara, Fernanda Neves Estrela, Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues, Thales Quintao Chagas, Paulo Sergio Pereira, Fabiano Guimaraes Silva, Guilherme Malafaia
Summary: The exposure of grass carp juveniles to different concentrations of PS NPs did not lead to increased biometric parameters, but affected their individual and collective behavior, as well as biochemical parameters. Despite no damage to locomotor and visual abilities, PS NPs influenced locomotor activity in response to vibratory stimuli and anti-predatory behavior in the presence of a potential predator, indicating potential health effects on early-life stage grass carp individuals.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Richard Marchant
Summary: This study investigated the long-term dynamics of freshwater insect populations, focusing on recruitment, larval mortality, and reproductive output of two species of caddisflies. The results showed that population regulation occurred during recruitment and pupation phases for Tasimia palpata, while Agapetus kimminsi exhibited density-dependent mortality during the larval phase. Furthermore, competition between the two species, likely related to food or feeding, was observed.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Huaimao Tie, Xuan Lu, Dawei Yu, Fang Yang, Qixing Jiang, Yanshun Xu, Wenshui Xia
Summary: Alterations of apoptosis have significant impacts on flesh quality, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated apoptotic behaviors and related triggering mechanisms in fish muscle during refrigerated storage. Results revealed that the activation of caspases, changes in energy metabolism, cytochrome c redox state, heat shock protein expressions, and protease activities played critical roles in apoptosis alterations in carp muscle.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tomas Radivoyevitch, Emily C. Zabor, Arun D. Singh
Summary: The long-term survival of uveal melanoma patients in the US was compared using different methods, finding that death due to melanoma became rare beyond 20 years with normal life expectancy reached at 25 years after primary therapy. Relative survival methods provide more realistic estimates by comparing the survival to that of a normal matched population.