Article
Infectious Diseases
Qi Nie, Lixuan Tao, Yingying Li, Nanshan Chen, Hua Chen, Yong Zhou, Yanqiu Wang, Huidong Chen, Qiuping Tang, Xianguang Wang, Chaolin Huang, Chengfeng Yang
Summary: The high-dose gatifloxacin-based shortened treatment regimen has shown successful outcomes in treating multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in many countries. However, it is associated with significant adverse drug reactions, particularly hepatotoxicity and prolongation of the QT interval, which should not be disregarded.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Paraskevi C. Fragkou, Ignatios Ikonomidis, Dimitrios Benas, Dimitra Kavatha, Charalampos D. Moschopoulos, Konstantinos Protopapas, Gavriella Kostelli, John Thymis, Dionysia Mpirmpa, Irene Galani, Maria Tsakona, Chrysanthi Oikonomopoulou, George Theocharous, Vassilis G. Gorgoulis, Parisis Gallos, Sotirios Tsiodras, Anastasia Antoniadou, Antonios Papadopoulos, Helen Triantafyllidi
Summary: This study conducted a prospective cohort study on treatment-naive people living with HIV and found that the integrity of endothelial glycocalyx (EG) improved with antiretroviral treatment. This has important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Bei Li, Leidan Zhang, Ying Liu, Jing Xiao, Xinyue Wang, Yuqing Wei, Lina Fan, Yujiao Duan, Guoli Li, Yaxian Kong, Hongxin Zhao
Summary: This research aimed to investigate the dynamic changes and related risk factors of thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis in HIV-infected individuals before and after initiating antiretroviral therapy. The study involved 6637 HIV patients starting ART at Beijing Ditan Hospital. Risk factors for thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis were identified, along with recovery rates and new-onset incidence. The driving forces of thrombocytosis were also discussed, suggesting the need for further research on treatment strategies.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Njambi Njuguna, Nelly Mugo, Omu Anzala, Marianne Mureithi, Elizabeth Irungu, Joyce Wamicwe, Jared M. Baeten, Renee Heffron
Summary: A risk scoring tool was developed using data from KenyaEMR to identify individuals likely to have unsuppressed viral load 18 months post-ART initiation. The tool could improve efficiency in differentiated care models.
Article
Infectious Diseases
C. Kambili, S. Rossenu, R. M. W. Hoetelmans, E. Birmingham, N. Bakare
Summary: This study provides recommendations for re-initiating bedaquiline treatment after interruptions, based on the duration of the interruption. It highlights the importance of having a robust population-pharmacokinetic model to guide clinical use of TB drugs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Abdurahman Abibeker Omer, Meiraf Daniel Meshesha, Abraham Teka Ajema, Samuel D. Yoo
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcome and associated factors among MDR/RR-TB patients in Dilchora Hospital from 2014 to 2018. The study found that HIV-positive patients had a significantly higher risk of death, while higher BMI and prompt sputum culture conversion were associated with lower mortality rates. Suggestions for improving treatment outcomes included HIV screening, early HAART initiation, and close follow-up during treatment.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Amrita Daftary, Shinjini Mondal, Jennifer Zelnick, Gerald Friedland, Boitumelo Seepamore, Resha Boodhram, K. Rivet Amico, Nesri Padayatchi, Max R. O'Donnell
Summary: People co-infected with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) and HIV face significant challenges at different stages of care, including diagnosis, treatment initiation, discharge, and continuity. Lack of information and agency, along with shifting sources of stigma, contribute to wider-reaching challenges for DRTB patients compared to HIV. Connecting with peers, self-isolation, financial security, and focus on recovery can help build resilience in the face of difficulties.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Gerrit Kann, Nils Wetzstein, Hannah Bielke, Gundolf Schuettfort, Annette E. Haberl, Timo Wolf, Claus P. Kuepper-Tetzel, Imke Wieters, Johanna Kessel, Philipp de Leuw, Markus Bickel, Pavel Khaykin, Christoph Stephan
Summary: The study aimed to identify risk factors and predictors for PCP-IRIS in HIV-infected patients receiving cART during PCPT. Results showed that patients with IRIS had higher re-hospitalization rate, longer hospitalization, and increased intensive care treatment. Higher HIV-RNA level and lower serum IgG levels before cART initiation were associated with the development of IRIS in PCP patients.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Aynias Seid, Yilak Girma, Ayenesh Abebe, Eseye Dereb, Meseret Kassa, Nega Berhane
Summary: The study aimed to identify the determinant factors associated with patterns of MDR-TB among pulmonary TB patients in Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia. The study found that a history of previous TB treatment and HIV co-infection were risk factors for MDR-TB. The study area had a high prevalence of TB and MDR-TB, highlighting the need to strengthen TB control and prevention programs to reduce the incidence of TB and the emergence of MDR-TB cases.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Eleni Aklillu, Alimuddin Zumla, Abiy Habtewold, Wondwossen Amogne, Eyasu Makonnen, Getnet Yimer, Juergen Burhenne, Ulf Diczfalusy
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of efavirenz/rifampicin co-treatment and time of ART initiation on CYP3A induction in TB-HIV co-infected patients. Rifampicin induced CYP3A more potently than efavirenz, with maximum induction occurring within the first 4 weeks of rifampicin therapy. The time of ART initiation during anti-TB therapy did not significantly affect CYP3A induction.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elke Mitchell, Avi Hakim, Somu Nosi, Martha Kupul, Ruthy Boli-Neo, Herick Aeno, Michelle Redman-Maclaren, Sophie Ase, Angelyn Amos, Parker Hou, Rebecca Narokobi, Barne Willie, Andrew J. Vallely, John M. Kaldor, Steven G. Badman, Angela Kelly-Hanku
Summary: The study found that factors supporting HIV treatment initiation and adherence included awareness of the biomedical benefits of treatment, experiences of social, familial, and health benefits, support from family and friends, as well as non-judgmental and supportive HIV service provision. Factors inhibiting treatment initiation and adherence included perception of good health and denial of HIV diagnosis, lack of family support following positive diagnosis, and concerns about anonymity and stigma in HIV care services.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria F. Nardell, Siyaxolisa Sindelo, Elzette Rousseau, Nomakaziwe Siko, Pamela Fuzile, Robin Julies, Ingrid V. Bassett, Claude A. Mellins, Linda-Gail Bekker, Lisa M. Butler, Ingrid T. Katz
Summary: The research team developed a peer support group called Yima Nkqo to promote treatment initiation for young adults newly diagnosed with HIV. The intervention included HIV and ART education, reflection on personal resources and strengths, practice disclosing one's status, strategies to overcome stressors, and goal setting to start treatment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fahmi Al-Ashwal, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Siti Maisharah Sheikh Ghadzi, Mohammed Abdullah Kubas, Abdulsalam Halboup
Summary: A recent study assessed physicians' knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases risk assessment, finding suboptimal knowledge and practices but a positive attitude overall. Participants with more experience, following specific guidelines, or using risk calculators had higher knowledge and practices. However, physicians seeing more patients per day had lower risk assessment and counseling practices.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Simon Tiberi, Michael J. Vjecha, Adam Zumla, Jessica Galvin, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Alimuddin Zumla
Summary: The global report estimates a high number of MDR-TB cases, emphasizing the need for improving screening, diagnostic, treatment, and follow-up services; New TB drugs are showing promising results in improving cure rates, with a more tolerable six-month oral treatment regimen; The COVID-19 pandemic is negatively impacting TB services, requiring increased investment and expansion of TB treatment services.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ankasha Arif, Eatzaz Ahmad, Farzana Naheed Khan, Razia Fatima
Summary: This study found that factors such as gender, travel expenditure, and time expenditure impact the environmental-health outcome of MDR-TB treatment, while medical expenditure is positively related to the outcome. The government should ensure affordable and accessible health services, improve environmental conditions, and implement ambulatory care based on WHO recommendations to enhance environmental-health outcome in Pakistan's resource-scarce setting.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
James Wabwire Oguttu, Tulisiwe P. Mbombo-Dweba, Jabulani R. Ncayiyana
Summary: This study found that only 12.37% of residents in Gauteng Province, South Africa, participated in home gardening. Factors influencing home gardening included household income, housing source, main water source, social status, social grants, etc. Policymakers should target specific groups to improve participation rates in home gardening.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jabulani R. Ncayiyana, Leonardo Martinez, Elizabeth Goddard, Landon Myer, Heather J. Zar
Summary: The study found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in South African infants, with factors such as study site, socioeconomic status, and gender being associated with serum 25(OH)D-3 levels. Birth in winter and breastfeeding were identified as the strongest predictors of lower vitamin D concentrations.
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Samuel Oji Oti, Jabulani Ncayiyana
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tafadzwa Dhokotera, Julia Bohlius, Matthias Egger, Adrian Spoerri, Jabulani Ronnie Ncayiyana, Gita Naidu, Victor Olago, Marcel Zwahlen, Elvira Singh, Mazvita Muchengeti
Summary: This study aimed to determine the spectrum of cancers in adolescents and young adults living with and without HIV in South Africa. The results showed that young people living with HIV were more likely to have certain types of cancers compared to those without HIV.
Article
Oncology
Tafadzwa Dhokotera, Serra Asangbeh, Julia Bohlius, Elvira Singh, Matthias Egger, Eliane Rohner, Jabulani Ncayiyana, Gary M. Clifford, Victor Olago, Mazvita Sengayi-Muchengeti
Summary: HIV positive women in South Africa are diagnosed with cervical cancer at an earlier age compared to HIV negative women. There is a significant proportion of cervical cancer patients who are unaware of their HIV status, and the burden of cervical cancer is higher in Black women.
ECANCERMEDICALSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Christoffel J. Opperman, Clinton Moodley, Katie Lennard, Mariette Smith, Jabulani Ncayiyana, Mjikisile Vulindlu, Musarrat Gafoor, Nevashan Govender, Husna Ismail, Colleen Bamford, Kerrigan M. McCarthy, Mark P. Nicol, Chad M. Centner
Summary: An outbreak of community-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in Cape Town, South Africa lasted for 10 months with 3,321 documented cases. The predominant clone during the outbreak was multilocus ST 303, which harbored various virulence genes that could enhance survival in adverse environmental conditions such as drought.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Griffin J. Bell, Jabulani Ncayiyana, Ari Sholomon, Varun Goel, Khangelani Zuma, Michael Emch
Summary: There are extreme racial disparities in HIV infection in South Africa, which are a result of racist policies and segregation. The study found that segregation increases the odds of HIV infection among Black South Africans, even after adjusting for other covariates. Additionally, the odds ratio for HIV infection varies across different racial groups.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter S. Nyasulu, Emery Ngasama, Jacques L. Tamuzi, Lovemore N. Sigwadhi, Lovelyn U. Ozougwu, Ruvimbo B. C. Nhandara, Birhanu T. Ayele, Teye Umanah, Jabulani Ncayiyana
Summary: This study investigated the impact of HIV status on treatment outcomes of TB patients at a rural clinic in South Africa, revealing that HIV positive TB patients were more likely to have unsuccessful treatment outcomes in rural primary care.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Chigozie Louisa J. Ugwu, Jabulani R. Ncayiyana
Summary: There are significant spatial disparities in HIV risk in South Africa, with the highest risk observed in the east coast, central, and northeastern regions; marital status, employment status, and rural residency are associated with HIV risk.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sachin Shinde, Guy Harling, Nega Assefa, Till Baernighausen, Justine Bukenya, Angela Chukwu, Anne Marie Darling, Adom Manu, Ourohire Millogo, Mary Mwanyika-Sando, Jabulani Ncayiyana, Lina Nurhussien, Rutuja Patil, Kun Tang, Wafaie Fawzi
Summary: Changing realities in LMICs, including inequalities, urbanization, globalization, migration, and economic adversity, have significant impacts on adolescent development and health. However, there is a lack of data to inform evidence-based policies and programs tailored to address the distinct needs of adolescents. The ARISE Network has developed indicators and a questionnaire for measuring adolescent health and well-being in LMIC settings, aiming to fill in data gaps. Implementing the questionnaire longitudinally at multiple sites can provide valuable information for policy planning and evaluation, and improve adolescent health and well-being in LMICs.
Article
Immunology
Leonardo Martinez, Jabulani R. Ncayiyana, Liz Goddard, Maresa Botha, Lesley Workman, Tiffany Burd, Landon Myer, Mark Nicol, Heather J. Zar
Summary: Low vitamin D levels in infancy were not associated with tuberculosis disease in childhood, but very low vitamin D levels were associated with tuberculin conversion in young children.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jabulani Ncayiyana, Griffin Bell, Ari Solomon, Micheal Emch
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
James W. Oguttu, Jabulani R. Ncayiyana
SSM-POPULATION HEALTH
(2020)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Dvora L. Joseph Davey, Joseph Daniels, Cindy Beard, Nyiko Mashele, Linda-Gail Bekker, Kathryn Dovel, Jabulani Ncayiyana, Thomas J. Coates, Landon Myer
AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV
(2020)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Rohit Ramaswamy, Tobias Chirwa, Kathryn Salisbury, Jabulani Ncayiyana, Latifat Ibisomi, Laetitia Rispel, Charles van der Horst, Audrey Pettifor
PEDAGOGY IN HEALTH PROMOTION
(2020)