Journal
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 499, Issue 2, Pages 2785-2802Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa2989
Keywords
acceleration of particles; MHD; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; shock waves; methods: numerical; cosmic rays
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Funding
- European Research Council under ERC-CoG grant [CRAGSMAN-646955]
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Supernova remnants (SNRs) are believed to be the source of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs). SNR shocks accelerate CR protons and electrons which reveal key insights into the non-thermal physics by means of their synchrotron and gamma-ray emission. The remnant SN 1006 is an ideal particle acceleration laboratory because it is observed across all electromagnetic wavelengths from radio to gamma-rays. We perform 3D magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations where we include CR protons and follow the CR electron spectrum. By matching the observed morphology and non-thermal spectrum of SN 1006 in radio, X-rays, and gamma-rays, we gain new insight into CR electron acceleration and magnetic field amplification. (1) We show that a mixed leptonic-hadronic model is responsible for the gamma-ray radiation: while leptonic inverse-Compton emission and hadronic pion-decay emission contribute equally at GeV energies observed by Fermi, TeV energies observed by imaging air Cherenkov telescopes are hadronically dominated. (2) We show that quasi-parallel acceleration (i.e. when the shock propagates at a narrow angle to the upstream magnetic field) is preferred for CR electrons and that the electron acceleration efficiency of radio-emitting GeV electrons at quasi-perpendicular shocks is suppressed at least by a factor ten. This precludes extrapolation of current 1D plasma particlein-cell simulations of shock acceleration to realistic SNR conditions. (3) To match the radial emission profiles and the gamma-ray spectrum, we require a volume-filling, turbulently amplified magnetic field and that the Bell-amplified magnetic field is damped in the immediate post-shock region. Our work connects microscale plasma physics simulations to the scale of SNRs.
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