Review
Microbiology
Jessica A. Plante, Brooke M. Mitchell, Kenneth S. Plante, Kari Debbink, Scott C. Weaver, Vineet D. Menachery
Summary: Despite the development of vaccines, COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to be a global concern due to the emergence of new variants, raising worries about increased spread and potential impacts on immunity.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Stephanie Patchett, Zongyang Lv, Wioletta Rut, Miklos Bekes, Marcin Drag, Shaun K. Olsen, Tony T. Huang
Summary: The study identified the S1 sensor region within the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease as a key determinant of substrate specificity. Variations in this region specifically alter cleavage of different substrates, which could potentially impact host antiviral immune responses to newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alba Sebastian-Martin, Belen G. Sanchez, Jose M. Mora-Rodriguez, Alicia Bort, Ines Diaz-Laviada
Summary: This review examines the role of DPP4 in COVID-19, including its impact on risk and clinical outcomes, as well as its contribution to pathophysiology. By studying the functions of DPP4 in carbohydrate metabolism and immune system regulation, we reveal its broad range of regulatory functions and provide an update on DPP4 inhibitors.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Oscar J. Cordero, Carlos Rafael-Vidal, Ruben Varela-Calvino, Cristina Calvino-Sampedro, Beatriz Malvar-Fernandez, Samuel Garcia, Juan E. Vinuela, Jose M. Pego-Reigosa
Summary: Immune system CD4 T-cells with high cell-surface CD26 expression demonstrate anti-tumoral properties, especially when engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor. Different T helper cell subsets show variations in CD26 expression levels, which could impact research on CAR-T cells. The relationship between glycoprotein sCD26 and its enzymatic activity, as well as its correlation with specific T cell subsets, still requires further understanding.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna Martner, Hanna Grauers Wiktorin, Andreas Tornell, Johan Ringlander, Mohammad Arabpour, Magnus Lindh, Martin Lagging, Staffan Nilsson, Kristoffer Hellstrand
Summary: This study identified two phases of T cell reactivity in COVID-19 patients: an early transient response and a durable cell memory.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sophie Steiner, Tatjana Schwarz, Victor M. M. Corman, Franziska Sotzny, Sandra Bauer, Christian Drosten, Hans-Dieter Volk, Carmen Scheibenbogen, Leif G. G. Hanitsch
Summary: This study revealed the presence of nucleocapsid-reactive T cells in some convalescent COVID-19 patients despite the absence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. These T cells play an important role in viral control, highlighting their significance even in the absence of specific antibodies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rogan A. Grant, Luisa Morales-Nebreda, Nikolay S. Markov, Suchitra Swaminathan, Melissa Querrey, Estefany R. Guzman, Darryl A. Abbott, Helen K. Donnelly, Alvaro Donayre, Isaac A. Goldberg, Zasu M. Klug, Nicole Borkowski, Ziyan Lu, Hermon Kihshen, Yuliya Politanska, Lango Sichizya, Mengjia Kang, Ali Shilatifard, Chao Qi, Jon W. Lomasney, A. Christine Argento, Jacqueline M. Kruser, Elizabeth S. Malsin, Chiagozie O. Pickens, Sean B. Smith, James M. Walter, Anna E. Pawlowski, Daniel Schneider, Prasanth Nannapaneni, Hiam Abdala-Valencia, Ankit Bharat, Cara J. Gottardi, G. R. Scott Budinger, Alexander Misharin, Benjamin D. Singer, Richard G. Wunderink
Summary: The study found that patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have enriched T cells and monocytes in the alveolar space, suggesting that the virus infects alveolar macrophages and induces T cell production of interferon-, leading to inflammation and persistent alveolitis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Viviane Fongaro Botosso, Soraia Attie Calil Jorge, Renato Mancini Astray, Ana Marcia de Sa Guimaraes, Monica Beatriz Mathor, Patricia dos Santos de Carneiro, Edison Luiz Durigon, Dimas Covas, Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira, Ricardo das Neves Oliveira, Durvanei Augusto Maria, Silas Fernandes Eto, Neuza Maria Frazatti Gallina, Giselle Pidde, Carla Cristina Squaiella-Baptistao, Dilza Trevisan Silva, Isadora Maria Villas-Boas, Dayanne Carla Fernandes, Aline Vivian Vatti Auada, Alexandre Campos Banari, Antonio Francisco de Souza Filho, Camila Bianconi, Carla Lilian de Agostini Utescher, Denise Cristina Andre Oliveira, Douglas Oscar Ceolin Mariano, Flavia Ferreira Barbosa, Giuliana Rondon, Josana Kapronezai, Juliana Galvao da Silva, Mauricio Barbugiani Goldfeder, Priscila Comone, Regis Edgar Castilho Junior, Taiana Taina Silva Pereira, Fan Hui Wen, Denise Tambourgi, Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
Summary: The new outbreak of COVID-19 has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Efforts are being made to find effective treatments, such as using immunoglobulin from immunized animals or plasma from convalescent patients. Clinical trials using anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins from horses immunized with spike protein are underway. Researchers have developed an anti-SARS-CoV-2 equine F(ab ')(2) immunoglobulin that successfully neutralizes the virus, is safe in animal models, and reduces the severity of the disease in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Mohadeseh Haji Abdolvahab, Shima Moradi-kalbolandi, Mohammad Zarei, Deepanwita Bose, Keivan Majidzadeh-A, Leila Farahmand
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a public health crisis originating from bats and transmitted to humans. The disease is mainly spread through respiratory means with an incubation period of 2-14 days, with symptoms including fever, sore throat, and cough. Treatment focuses on supportive care and interferons, with combination therapy potentially being more effective.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Wu, Boyun Liang, Cunrong Chen, Hua Wang, Yaohui Fang, Shu Shen, Xiaoli Yang, Baoju Wang, Liangkai Chen, Qi Chen, Yang Wu, Jia Liu, Xuecheng Yang, Wei Li, Bin Zhu, Wenqing Zhou, Huan Wang, Sumeng Li, Sihong Lu, Di Liu, Huadong Li, Adalbert Krawczyk, Mengji Lu, Dongliang Yang, Fei Deng, Ulf Dittmer, Mirko Trilling, Xin Zheng
Summary: The study quantified IgM and IgG antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 in 349 symptomatic COVID-19 patients over 6 months, showing that IgM levels dropped after 3 months while IgG responses contracted but remained high at 6 months.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Takeshi Arashiro, Yuzo Arima, Hirokazu Muraoka, Akihiro Sato, Kunihiro Oba, Yuki Uehara, Hiroko Arioka, Hideki Yanai, Jin Kuramochi, Genei Ihara, Kumi Chubachi, Naoki Yanagisawa, Yoshito Nagura, Yasuyuki Kato, Akihiro Ueda, Akira Numata, Hideaki Kato, Koji Ishii, Takao Ooki, Hideaki Oka, Yusuke Nishida, Ashley Stucky, Chris Smith, Martin Hibberd, Koya Ariyoshi, Motoi Suzuki
Summary: In Japan, 2-dose mRNA vaccines provided high and moderate protection against symptomatic infection during the Delta- and Omicron-dominant period, respectively. Among mRNA booster recipients, vaccine effectiveness recovered to a high level in the short-term.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sophie Steiner, Tatjana Schwarz, Victor M. Corman, Laura Gebert, Malte C. Kleinschmidt, Alexandra Wald, Sven Glaeser, Jan M. Kruse, Daniel Zickler, Alexander Peric, Christian Meisel, Tim Meyer, Olga L. Staudacher, Kirsten Wittke, Claudia Kedor, Sandra Bauer, Nabeel Al Besher, Ulrich Kalus, Axel Pruss, Christian Drosten, Hans-Dieter Volk, Carmen Scheibenbogen, Leif G. Hanitsch
Summary: This study reports clinical and immunological findings in PAD patients with severe/fatal COVID-19 and undetectable humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Robust T cell response was observed in all examined PAD patients, indicating the importance of T cell immunity in COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaowen Hu, Wei Ni, Zhaoguo Wang, Guangren Ma, Bei Pan, Liyan Dong, Ruqin Gao, Fachun Jiang
Summary: The study found that during the incubation period of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 had a relatively high positive detection rate on environmental surfaces in the bathroom and bedroom, and environmental contamination was widely distributed.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Zhiyuan Wu, Can Yang, Yutao Shen, Qingyun Zhang, Xuemei Tang, Di Wang, Yu Xu, Guojun Cao, Xiaodong Song, Yanchun Ma, Huajie Fan, Hailong Lu, Yaju Li, Xiangyu Li, Yiqin Shen, Chen Zhang, Min Zhu, Xiaoyan Teng, Yuzhen Du, Ming Guan
Summary: The dynamic conversion of viral nucleic acid load in SARS-CoV-2 can predict disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Patients with persistent high viral load during hospitalization have a lower survival rate. Therefore, viral nucleic acid dynamics can serve as a prognostic marker for COVID-19.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nhu Ngoc Nguyen, Linda Houhamdi, Van Thuan Hoang, Jeremy Delerce, Lea Delorme, Philippe Colson, Philippe Brouqui, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Didier Raoult, Philippe Gautret
Summary: The reinfection rate of SARS-CoV-2 is low, and the severity of the first and second episodes of infection is similar. The severity of the second episode of COVID-19 is not higher than that of the first infection, even for patients with antibodies.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tong Cheng, Zhusheng Chen, Yibin Qin, Xiang Zhu, Hongsheng Chen, Zhongling Xu, Xiaqing Ma
Summary: Morphine is commonly used and effective for pain relief, but its side effect of itching limits its clinical use. This paper discusses the potential of using esketamine to treat morphine-induced itching.
MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
(2024)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sung Eun Lee, Eunjung Park, Ji-yun Kim, HyukHoon Kim
Summary: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a potential therapeutic modality that has been recognized for its favorable mechanisms in various diseases, including sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). HBOT has neuroprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects as well as increased tissue oxygenation capacity. However, there are caveats and limitations in applying HBOT in sepsis.
MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
(2024)