Journal
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
Volume 146, Issue 6, Pages 2549-2560Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10973-020-10225-9
Keywords
Heat sink; Thermal performance; Energy efficiency; Laminar forced convection; Nanofluid; Electronic cooling
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Cooling of electronic devices is a critical challenge for the electronics industry. By using corrugated channels and nanofluids, the heat transfer performance of a heat sink can be significantly enhanced, although this may require increased pumping power. The overall performance of a heat sink cooled with water-Al2O3 nanofluids is shown to be 22-40% higher than a water-cooled heat sink with straight channels.
Cooling of electronic devices is one of the critical challenges that the electronics industry is facing towards sustainable development. Aiming at lowering the surface temperature of the heat sink to limit thermally induced deformations, corrugated channels and nanofluids are employed to improve the thermal and hydraulic performances of a heat sink. Three-dimensional simulations based on the finite-volume approach are carried out to study conjugated heat transfer in the heat sink. Water-based nanofluids containing Al2O3 nanoparticles with two different particle sizes (29 nm and 40 nm) and volume fractions less than 4% are employed as the coolant, and their influence on the thermal and hydraulic performance of the heat sink is compared with the base fluid (i.e. water). An empirical model is utilised to approximate the effective transport properties of the nanofluids. Employing corrugated channels instead of straight channels in the heat sink results in an enhancement of 24-36% in the heat transfer performance at the cost of 20-31% increase in the required pumping power leading to an enhancement of 16-24% in the overall performance of the heat sink. Additionally, the numerical predictions indicate that the overall performance of the proposed heat sink design with corrugated channels and water-Al2O3 nanofluids is 22-40% higher than that of the water-cooled heat sink with straight channels. It is demonstrated that the overall performance of the heat sink cooled with water- Al2O3 nanofluids increases with reducing the average nanoparticle size. Additionally, the maximum temperature rise in the heat sinks is determined for different thermal loads.
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