Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elizaveta Spetzler, Benjamin Spetzler, Jeffrey McCord
Summary: Intrinsic magnetic noise affects the functionality of magnetic field sensors and related devices using magnetic films as sensing elements. This study reveals a novel source of magnetic noise caused by the magnetostriction of ferromagnetic materials. The introduced noise contribution is correlated with the nonlinearity of the magnetostrictive properties and significantly affects the sensor output.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kevin Q. T. Luong, Yuanxun (Ethan) Wang
Summary: This article proposes a physics-based approach to analyzing magnetoelastic coupling and derives general expressions to quantify the coupling. Comprehensive simulations demonstrate the dynamic nature of the coupling and the impact of various operating conditions and material properties. This work provides guidelines for the design of mechanically driven magnetoelectric antennas and serves as a foundation for developing more accurate models.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
I. V. Romanova, S. Abe, G. Iu. Andreev, M. A. Cherosov, I. F. Gilmutdinov, A. G. Kiiamov, S. L. Korableva, K. Matsumoto, D. S. Nuzhina, O. A. Morozov, A. S. Semakin, K. Ubukata, M. S. Tagirov
Summary: This work presents experimental and theoretical studies of the magnetic properties of LiYbF4 single crystal and powder samples, as well as magnetoelastic properties of LiYbF4 single crystal samples at low temperature and applied field. The magnetostriction data for LiYbF4 single crystal is published for the first time. The calculated magnetization and magnetostriction show quantitative agreement with the experimental measurements in the temperature range of 2-10 K.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Takashi Harumoto, Yoshio Nakamura, Ji Shi
Summary: Hydrogen-absorbing magnetic alloy films, such as PdCo alloy films, are expected to be important in the next generation of hydrogen sensors. However, the effects of hydrogenation on these films are complex, with stress in the film determining its magnetic anisotropy. Hydrogenation leads to reduced magnetic anisotropy in the films.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Keli Zhao, Pang Peng, Binghe Ma, Xingxu Zhang, Jian Luo, Tao Ye, Zhonggang Zhang, Guangyao Pei, Yunzhe Liu, Tao Zhang, Wei Gao, Jinjun Deng
Summary: This study presents a weak magnetic field sensor based on a laminated cantilever structure with a magnetostrictive layer, a piezoelectric layer, and a substrate layer. A comprehensive theoretical model is developed to optimize the device design by evaluating the impact of key structural parameters on the magnetoelectric sensing performance. A Zn-V-O film with a high piezoelectric coefficient is achieved by incorporating vanadium (V) as a dopant element. Galfenol is proposed as a suitable magnetostrictive layer. Experimental verification is conducted using sensor prototypes fabricated with MEMS technology, and the results indicate promising potential for improving weak magnetic field detection performance.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dmitri A. Burdin, Dmitri V. Chashin, Nikolai A. Ekonomov, Leonid Y. Fetisov, Vladimir L. Preobrazhensky, Yuri K. Fetisov
Summary: This study investigates the low-frequency magnetoelectric (ME) effects in heterostructures consisting of a layer of antiferromagnetic hematite & alpha;-Fe2O3 crystal with easy-plane anisotropy and a piezoelectric layer. The results show that the frequency tuning of the hematite crystal is linearly related to the increase in the bias field, reaching up to 37%. The frequency tuning of the hematite-PVDF heterostructure is 24% with a ME coefficient of 58 mV/(Oe & BULL;cm). The frequency tuning of the hematite-piezoceramic heterostructure is 4.4% with a ME coefficient of 4.8 V/(Oe & BULL;cm). Additionally, efficient generation of the second voltage harmonic is observed in the hematite-piezoceramic heterostructure.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
N. T. Ngoc, G. Agnus, S. Matzen, T. Maroutian, D. T. Huong Giang, P. Lecoeur
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of a micro-resonator approach for magnetic sensing using a multi-ferroic PZT/Tb-Fe-Co thin film multilayer to fabricate a resonant cantilever. The sensor shows high sensitivity for magnetic field detection under vacuum environment, but further optimization of the sensor design is needed for improved performance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
A. M. Bartashevich, E. G. Gerasimov, N. V. Mushnikov, A. A. Inishev, P. B. Terentev, V. S. Gaviko, D. A. Kolodkin, N. A. Kulesh
Summary: In this study, non-stoichiometric TbFe2Mnx alloys were investigated, and it was found that these alloys exhibit significant spontaneous magnetostriction, especially at low temperatures. The alloys also maintain large magnetostriction at room temperature.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Julius Schmalz, Elizaveta Spetzler, Jeffrey McCord, Martina Gerken
Summary: In this study, magnetoelectric cantilevers consisting of strain-coupled magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers are investigated for magnetic field measurements. The cantilevers are electrically excited and operated in a special mechanical mode, with resonance frequencies above 500 kHz, exhibiting high-quality factors and a promising limit of detection. Strategies for eliminating external effects and design guidelines to minimize unwanted oscillations are proposed.
Article
Physics, Applied
G. Masciocchi, J. W. van Der Jagt, M-A Syskaki, A. Lamperti, N. Wolff, A. Lotnyk, J. Langer, L. Kienle, G. Jakob, B. Borie, A. Kehlberger, D. Ravelosona, M. Klaeui
Summary: This study investigates the effects of post-growth He+ irradiation on the magneto-elastic properties of a Ni/Fe multi-layered stack. It is found that He+ irradiation causes progressive intermixing at the interfaces of the multilayer, allowing for tuning of the saturation magnetostriction value and even reversal of the sign of the magnetostrictive effect. The study also identifies the critical fluence at which the absolute value of the magnetostriction is significantly reduced, achieving insensitivity to strain in the magnetic stack.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Haghparast, M. M. Tehranchi, S. M. Hamidi
Summary: Ultrasensitive magnetic field sensors based on magnetoelectric (ME) structures can be used in various applications such as bio-magnetic sensors and magnetoencephalography (MEG) scanners. To achieve enhanced sensitivity, detection limit, and main frequency, accurate simulation methods like finite element method (FEM) are employed. A cantilever-type composite structure composed of galfenol alloy as a magnetostrictive layer and AlN as a piezoelectric layer is used to obtain optimal sensitivity and efficiency. The simulated sensor can measure AC magnetic field with a field resolution of 1 pT, while performing best at a bias DC magnetic field of 2.3 mT and resonance frequency of 2521.8 Hz, with a magnetoelectric coefficient of 4865 (V/cm.Oe).
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
A. A. Inishev, E. G. Gerasimov, A. M. Bartashevich, P. B. Terentev, V. S. Gaviko, N. V. Mushnikov
Summary: Crystal structure, magnetostriction, magnetic and magnetothermal properties have been studied for novel non-stoichiometric ErFe2Mnx (0 <= x <= 0.6) compounds. It has been found that manganese alloying influences the crystal structure, magnetic properties, and magnetothermal properties of the compounds, and also allows for the tuning of magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetostriction.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Dmitri Burdin, Dmitri Chashin, Leonid Fetisov, Dmitri Saveliev, Nikolai Ekonomov, Melvin Vopson, Yuri Fetisov
Summary: The magnetoelectric effect enables the mutual transformation of magnetic and electric fields, and by utilizing a coil-free excitation system, the operating frequency of ME devices can be increased and their size reduced. This advancement opens up the possibility of creating planar ME devices and accelerates their integration into modern electronics and microsystem technology.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Pankaj Pathak, Dhiman Mallick
Summary: This study reports the self-biased, in-plane 180 degrees magnetization switching of FeGaB nanomagnets on PMN-PT piezoelectric substrate, achieved by varying the thickness of nanomagnets with different aspect ratio. The research also reveals that in-plane 180 degrees magnetization switching for larger aspect ratio nanomagnets is limited due to the maximum achievable stress from the piezoelectric layer. The underlying physics, including the relationship between the critical switching time and energy, is elucidated using finite difference method (FDM) micromagnetic model coupled with elastodynamic and electrostatic conditions.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Mirza Bichurin, Roman Petrov, Oleg Sokolov, Viktor Leontiev, Viktor Kuts, Dmitry Kiselev, Yaojin Wang
Summary: The magnetoelectric (ME) composites have properties associated with the transformation of electric polarization/magnetization under the influence of external magnetic/electric fields, making them promising for various applications, particularly in the field of magnetic field sensors where their high sensitivity is comparable to superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs).
Article
Polymer Science
Stefan Schroeder, Nicolai Ababii, Mihai Brinza, Nicolae Magariu, Lukas Zimoch, Mani Teja Bodduluri, Thomas Strunskus, Rainer Adelung, Franz Faupel, Oleg Lupan
Summary: Metal oxide gas sensors have superior properties in terms of sensitivity, lifetime, cost and portability, making them highly valuable for various applications. However, their selectivity, gas response and energy consumption influenced by ambient gases still need improvement and are being extensively researched. This study presents a simple approach to enhance the selectivity of gas sensing structures using an ultrathin polymer thin film, resulting in improved selectivity to specific vapors of volatile organic compounds. This research demonstrates the possibilities of enhancing the properties of metal oxide gas sensors, which is crucial in fields such as medicine, security and food safety.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Oguz Han Asnaz, Jonas Drewes, Marie Elis, Thomas Strunskus, Franko Greiner, Oleksandr Polonskyi, Franz Faupel, Lorenz Kienle, Alexander Vahl, Jan Benedikt
Summary: A novel combined setup of a Haberland type gas aggregation source and a secondary radio frequency discharge is used to generate, confine, and coat nanoparticles over much longer time scales than traditional in-flight treatment. The process is precisely monitored using localized surface plasmon resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as in situ diagnostics. Surface coating is shown to occur in two phases: first, singular seeds appear on the particle surface which then grow to cover the entire particle surface over 3 to 5 minutes.
NANOSCALE ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Igor Barg, Niklas Kohlmann, Florian Rasch, Thomas Strunskus, Rainer Adelung, Lorenz Kienle, Franz Faupel, Stefan Schroeder, Fabian Schuett
Summary: This work demonstrates a novel concept for the development of strain-invariant, highly elastic and highly water stable all-organic soft conductors, overcoming the limitations of previous strain-invariant soft conductors. The thin film structure has highly hydrophobic properties, resulting in stable electrical properties even when immersed in water for a month.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Martina Matusko, Ivan Ryger, Gwenhael Goavec-Merou, Jacques Millo, Clement Lacroute, Emile Carry, Jean-Michel Friedt, Marion Delehaye
Summary: This article discusses the use of an FPGA platform for local ultra-stable optical frequency distribution in a fiber network. A novel protocol is presented that simplifies the setup and enables the distribution of ultra-stable frequencies. The performances of the system are demonstrated, showing an instability below 10(-17) at 1 s at the receiver end.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Phillip Durdaut, Michael Hoeft
Summary: Piezoelectric layers coupled to micromechanical resonators are used as sensors for detecting various physical quantities. The performance of piezoelectric resonators in amplitude mode and phase mode is analyzed, considering sensitivities, noise behavior, and limits of detection. Frequency-dependent limits of detection are derived, and it is found that phase mode generally has better detection limits and wider bandwidth compared to amplitude mode.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Julius Schmalz, Elizaveta Spetzler, Jeffrey McCord, Martina Gerken
Summary: In this study, magnetoelectric cantilevers consisting of strain-coupled magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers are investigated for magnetic field measurements. The cantilevers are electrically excited and operated in a special mechanical mode, with resonance frequencies above 500 kHz, exhibiting high-quality factors and a promising limit of detection. Strategies for eliminating external effects and design guidelines to minimize unwanted oscillations are proposed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Viktor Schell, Elizaveta Spetzler, Niklas Wolff, Lars Bumke, Lorenz Kienle, Jeffrey McCord, Eckhard Quandt, Dirk Meyners
Summary: Magnetoelastic composites using surface acoustic waves have potential as low frequency, low amplitude magnetic field sensors. However, detectability is limited by low frequency noise generated by the magnetoelastic film. In this study, a top pinning exchange bias stack was used to reduce the presence of domain walls, resulting in a reduction of magnetic phase noise and detection limits as low as 28 pT/Hz(1/2) at 10 Hz and 10 pT/Hz(1/2) at 100 Hz.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Findan Block, Finn Klingbeil, Umer Sajjad, Christine Arndt, Sandra Sindt, Dennis Seidler, Lars Thormaehlen, Christine Selhuber-Unkel, Jeffrey McCord
Summary: Controlled transport of cells in biomedical applications can be achieved by designing soft magnetic elements to form a transport network using computational methods. This enables precise cell location and manipulation on surfaces using rotational magnetic fields. The networks allow for variable movement patterns of magnetic carriers and cells and can be integrated with CMOS-compatible materials.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mihai Brinza, Stefan Schroeder, Nicolai Ababii, Monja Gronenberg, Thomas Strunskus, Thierry Pauporte, Rainer Adelung, Franz Faupel, Oleg Lupan
Summary: Certain molecules in exhaled breath or outgassing vapors can act as biomarkers for various diseases and food spoilage. The development of small and reliable devices with high sensitivity for detection of these molecules is in demand. Metal-oxide gas sensors present an ideal solution, offering a tradeoff between performance and cost compared to other methods. However, selective detection of low levels of ammonia and multiple gases with one sensor remains a challenge.
Article
Physics, Applied
G. Masciocchi, M. Fattouhi, E. Spetzler, M. -A Syskaki, R. Lehndorff, E. Martinez, J. McCord, L. Lopez-Diaz, A. Kehlberger, M. Klaeui
Summary: In this work, the authors propose a CMOS-compatible and inexpensive method for applying local strain on a Si/SiOx substrate. They demonstrate how the magnetoelastic energy landscape created by a pair of openings can be used to create pinning sites in a magnetic nanowire, leading to changes in the local magnetic anisotropy. The experimental results are supported by simulations and calculations, and the authors discuss the potential applications of this technology.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
C. Fluhr, B. Dubois, C. E. Calosso, F. Vernotte, E. Rubiola, V. Giordano
Summary: This Letter reports on the exceptional frequency stability performance of an autonomous cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO), with a flicker frequency noise floor below 2 x 10(-16) and a long-term Allan deviation limited by a random walk process of around 1 x 10(-18) root tau, near 1000 seconds. The implementation of advanced instrumentation and ultra-stable frequency references was necessary to achieve this level. This result demonstrates the technological soundness of the CSO technology and sets a competitive upper limit for the ultimate noise floor of cryogenic microwave resonators comparable to ultra-stable optical Fabry-Perot cavities.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Enrico Rubiola, Francois Vernotte
Summary: Phase noise and frequency (in)stability describe the fluctuation of stable periodic signals from different perspectives. Frequency spans a wide range of magnitudes, from 10(-4) in a mechanical watch to 10(-18) in atomic clocks. The frequency span of interest for phase noise is from mu Hz to GHz Fourier frequency, while the fluctuation time spans from sub-mu s to years integration time for variances. The development of a common language and tools suitable for this domain is challenging due to its ubiquity in science and technology.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mohammad Sadeghi, Mohammad M. Bazrafkan, Marcus Rutner, Franz Faupel
Summary: This study investigates the dynamic behavior of a magnetoelectric microresonator using a finite element method and machine learning algorithm. The linear and nonlinear behavior of the microactuator is evaluated, and differential equations are reconstructed using a data-driven system identification procedure and simulated annealing method. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the optimal range and step size for input parameters. The study finds that prediction error increases as excitation levels increase.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Christophe Fluhr, Benoit Dubois, Guillaume Le Tetu, Valerie Soumann, Julien Paris, Enrico Rubiola, Vincent Giordano
Summary: The cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO) is a specialized machine that provides the lowest frequency fluctuations for a microwave reference signal. It is based on a sapphire monocrystal resonating at 10 GHz and cooled to approximately 6 K. After implementing 11 CSOs over the span of ten years, significant progress has been made in short-term stability, reducing power consumption, and ensuring reproducible frequency stability and overall performance. The CSO is now a semi-commercial product suitable for scientific applications requiring extreme frequency stability and reliable long-term unattended operation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elizaveta Spetzler, Benjamin Spetzler, Jeffrey McCord
Summary: Intrinsic magnetic noise affects the functionality of magnetic field sensors and related devices using magnetic films as sensing elements. This study reveals a novel source of magnetic noise caused by the magnetostriction of ferromagnetic materials. The introduced noise contribution is correlated with the nonlinearity of the magnetostrictive properties and significantly affects the sensor output.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)