Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erlinda The, Dennis M. de Graaf, Yufeng Zhai, Qingzhou Yao, Lihua Ao, David A. Fullerton, Charles A. Dinarello, Xianzhong Meng
Summary: This study found that IL-38 levels are lower in aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) from patients with calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) compared to those without CAVD. Recombinant IL-38 suppressed inflammation and calcium deposition in AVICs. IL-38 also reduced the production of inflammatory mediators and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 activation in AVICs. These findings suggest that IL-38 has therapeutic potential for preventing CAVD progression.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrey Zakharchenko, Yingfei Xue, Samuel Keeney, Christopher A. Rock, Ivan S. Alferiev, Stanley J. Stachelek, Hajime Takano, Tina Thomas, Chandrasekaran Nagaswami, Abba M. Krieger, Michael Chorny, Giovanni Ferrari, Robert J. Levy
Summary: This study shows that poly-2-methyl-2-oxazoline (POZ) modification of bovine pericardium reduces the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and serum proteins in bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV), mitigating structural valve degeneration (SVD). POZ-modified BHV demonstrated reduced accumulation of serum albumin and AGE and maintained collagen microarchitecture. Ethanol pretreatment inhibited both AGE and calcification accumulation. This research suggests that POZ functionalization enhances biocompatibility and ethanol pretreatment can prevent calcification in BHV.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Paul Human, Deon Bezuidenhout, Elena Aikawa, Peter Zilla
Summary: The article questions the effectiveness of focusing on decellularization and highlights the importance of studying the host response to the extracellular matrix.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Francesca Bartoli-Leonard, Jonas Zimmer, Elena Aikawa
Summary: Calcific aortic valve disease is the leading cause of valve disease in developed countries, involving complex pathobiology, genetic factors, and the immune system. Further understanding of the immune system's role in this disease is needed to inform future treatment strategies.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Midori Hasegawa, Jin Iwasaki, Satoshi Sugiyama, Takuma Ishihara, Yoshihiro Yamamoto, Hiroaki Asada, Shigehisa Koide, Hiroki Hayashi, Kazuo Takahashi, Daijo Inaguma, Yukio Yuzawa, Naotake Tsuboi
Summary: The prevalence rate of AS was significantly higher in MPO-AAV patients at more than 1 year after the onset of vasculitis compared to control CKD patients. MPO-AAV, dialysis dependence, and hypertension were independently associated factors for AS. Therefore, regular monitoring of echocardiography during MPO-AAV treatment is suggested.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Luca Di Lullo, Carlo Lavalle, Michele Magnocavallo, Marco Valerio Mariani, Domenico Giovanni Della Rocca, Paolo Severino, Biagio Raffaele Di Iorio, Domenico Russo, Francesco Summaria, Giovanni Battista Forleo, Claudio Ronco, Massimo Mancone, Cristina Chimenti, Fabio Miraldi, Andrea Natale, Antonio Bellasi
Summary: This study compared the effects of Rivaroxaban and Warfarin on atrial fibrillation patients with chronic kidney disease, finding that long-term use of Rivaroxaban significantly reduced cytokine levels, promoted stability or regression of valve calcification, improved kidney function, and reduced adverse events compared to Warfarin treatment. These results suggest that Rivaroxaban may have anti-inflammatory effects and could contribute to reducing the risk of cardiac valve calcification progression and worsening of renal function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Farwah Iqbal, Florian Schlotter, Dakota Becker-Greene, Adrien Lupieri, Claudia Goettsch, Joshua D. Hutcheson, Maximillian A. Rogers, Shinsuke Itoh, Arda Halu, Lang Ho Lee, Mark C. Blaser, Andrew K. Mlynarchik, Sumihiko Hagita, Shiori Kuraoka, Hao Yu Chen, James C. Engert, Livia S. A. Passos, Prabhash K. Jha, Eric A. Osborn, Farouc A. Jaffer, Simon C. Body, Simon C. Robson, George Thanassoulis, Masanori Aikawa, Sasha A. Singh, Abhijeet R. Sonawane, Elena Aikawa
Summary: This study identified SORT1 as a key player in the pathophysiology of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) and explored its role in the transformation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) into pathological phenotypes. It was found that SORT1 promotes CAVD through mediating valvular fibrosis and calcification. This study provides insight into the role of SORT1 in valve calcification and suggests that it could be a potential therapeutic target to inhibit the emergence of pathological phenotypes underlying CAVD.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kenza Rahmouni, Mimi Deng, Lara Gharibeh, Elsayed Elmistekawy, Juan Grau, Thierry Mesana, Vincent Chan
Summary: MAC presents a surgical challenge to mitral valve replacement due to the associated perivalvular leak and atrial-ventricular groove injury. While percutaneous and hybrid approaches may offer alternatives, the outcomes of these techniques are still unknown. Therefore, surgical management of MAC remains relevant in the contemporary treatment of patients with MAC.
ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Oscar Plunde, Magnus Back
Summary: Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) poses a threat to life quality and longevity, with no current medical treatment available. Obesity and genetic variants in lipid metabolism genes are recognized as risk factors for AVS due to significant genome-wide associations.
KARDIOLOGIA POLSKA
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mitchell E. Kent, Timothy M. Eggleston, Ryan S. Squires, Kathy A. Zimmerman, Robert M. Weiss, Robert D. Roghair, Fang Lin, Robert A. Cornell, Sarah E. Haskell, Bo Hu
Summary: This study investigated the impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on heart development in zebrafish embryos. The results show that exposure to the SSRI sertraline leads to reduced ventricle size, decreased cardiomyocyte number, and lower expression of the serotonin receptor 5-HT2B in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, zebrafish embryos with a mutation in the htr2b gene (htr2b(sa16649)) were more sensitive to sertraline treatment. These findings suggest that disruption of serotonin signaling, specifically through the 5-HT2B receptor, affects heart development and zebrafish can serve as a relevant animal model for studying the connection between maternal SSRI use and congenital heart defects.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zsolt Combi, Laszlo Potor, Peter Nagy, Katalin Eva Sikura, Tamas Ditroi, Eszter Petra Juranyi, Klaudia Galambos, Tamas Szerafin, Peter Gergely, Matthew Whiteman, Roberta Torregrossa, Yuchao Ding, Livia Beke, Zoltan Hendrik, Gabor Mehes, Gyorgy Balla, Jozsef Balla
Summary: This study aimed to explore the metabolic control of H2S levels in human aortic valves. The results showed that lower levels of bioavailable H2S and higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected in aortic valves of patients with calcific aortic valve disease. Increased biogenesis and decreased degradation of H2S were observed in calcific aortic valve tissues. Mitochondria-targeting H2S donor could rescue the osteoblastic phenotype switch and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Juliana Regina Chamlian Zucare Penno, Daniele Pereira Santos-Bezerra, Ana Mercedes Cavaleiro, Ana Maria da Silva Sousa, Tatiana Assuncao Zaccara, Rafaela Alkmin da Costa, Rossana Pulcineli Vieira Francisco, Maria Lucia Correa-Giannella
Summary: This study found that SNP rs17619600 in the HTR2B gene is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The minor allele C of this SNP is associated with a higher risk of GDM, possibly affecting glucose homeostasis through insulin release.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Florian Kronenberg
Summary: This article schematically illustrates the observational and genetic evidence that suggests LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) may be involved in the pathogenesis of aortic valve stenosis and/or aortic valve calcification. Recent trials with statins had no effect on the outcomes of the aortic valve. The questions about planned trials with Lp(a)-lowering drugs are listed.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Bongkun Choi, Eun-Young Kim, Ji-Eun Kim, Soyoon Oh, Si-On Park, Sang-Min Kim, Hyuksu Choi, Jae-Kwan Song, Eun-Ju Chang
Summary: Evogliptin shows therapeutic potential in attenuating valvular calcification in CAVD animal models, reducing calcific deposition and inflammatory response in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Additionally, it improves cardiac function and reduces valve calcification as assessed by echocardiography. In high-cholesterol diet and vitamin D2-driven fibrosis models, evogliptin suppresses inflammatory cell infiltration and calcification development in aortic valves.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yuthiline Chabry, Kawthar Dhayni, Said Kamel, Thierry Caus, Youssef Bennis
Summary: In this study, the researchers found that antagonizing CXCR2 can significantly prevent the calcification of GA-fixed porcine aortic valve cusps, thereby reducing the risk of bioprosthetic heart valves failure.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jeffrey J. Hsu, Felicia Fong, Radha Patel, Rong Qiao, Karen Lo, Akrivoula Soundia, Chih-Chiang Chang, Victoria Le, Chi-Hong Tseng, Linda L. Demer, Yin Tintut
Summary: The study showed that several weeks of progressive exercise can alter the microarchitecture of atherosclerotic calcium deposits by reducing mineral surface growth, potentially favoring plaque stability.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Joshua Zhaojun Xian, Mimi Lu, Felicia Fong, Rong Qiao, Nikhil Rajesh Patel, Dishan Abeydeera, Sidney Iriana, Linda L. Demer, Yin Tintut
Summary: The study suggests that pravastatin treatment alters the microarchitecture of aortic calcium deposits, potentially impacting plaque stability.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jeffrey J. Hsu, Yin Tintut, Linda L. Demer
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yin Tintut, Linda L. Demer
Summary: The role of vitamin D in the cardiovascular system is complex, involving gene regulation and metabolic processes. Vitamin D can be considered a steroid hormone, produced in response to ultraviolet light. The source of vitamin D, whether from diet or sunlight, impacts its distribution and effects on vascular disease.
AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Linda L. Demer, Yin Tintut
Article
Hematology
Nikhil Rajesh Patel, Kulveer Setya, Stuti Pradhan, Mimi Lu, Linda L. Demer, Yin Tintut
Summary: This study evaluated the microarchitectural features of vascular calcium deposits in response to aging and standard interventions, such as Western diet, statin therapy, and high intensity, progressive exercise. The results showed that these factors can affect the intensity, size, texture, and shape of calcium deposits, potentially altering plaque biomechanical stability.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xinjiang Cai, Yin Tintut, Linda L. L. Demer
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)