Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Jennifer Murray, Klaartje B. Kok, Ruth M. Ayling
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic conditions characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis of IBD, but it is invasive and costly. Fecal calprotectin has been proven to be an accurate surrogate marker for intestinal inflammation in IBD.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Asli Aksu Cerman, Ezgi Aktas Karabay, Hazel Ezgi Kaya, Filiz Ture Ozdemir, Ezgi Ozkur, Yasemin Erdem, Ilknur Kivanc Altunay
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate FC levels in rosacea patients without gastrointestinal diseases, showing higher FC levels and significant differences in gastrointestinal symptom scores.
DERMATOLOGIC THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jacqueline Chaparro-Olaya, Liliana Morales, Moises David Leon Falla, Paula C. C. Hernandez, Wilson Bautista-Molano, Alejandro Ramos-Casallas, Juliette de Avila, Juan Manuel Bello-Gualtero, Fabian Cortes Munoz, Consuelo Romero-Sanchez
Summary: This study evaluated intestinal parasitic infection in 51 SpA patients and found no significant differences in parasite frequency between SpA patients and healthy controls. However, significantly higher levels of fecal calprotectin were found in the SpA patients compared to controls. When comparing Blastocystis spp. colonized and Blastocystis spp. free SpA patients, FCP levels were significantly higher in the Blastocystis spp. free group. The findings suggest a potential relationship between Blastocystis spp. and intestinal inflammation in SpA patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hajar Shokri-Afra, Ahmad Alikhani, Bahman Moradipoodeh, Farshid Noorbakhsh, Hafez Fakheri, Hemen Moradi-Sardareh
Summary: The study found that COVID-19 patients had significantly elevated levels of intestinal inflammation markers, but this increase was not significantly correlated with gastrointestinal symptoms or diarrhea.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Fangwen Zou, Xuemei Wang, Isabella C. Glitza, Jennifer L. McQuade, Jennifer Wang, Hao Chi Zhang, John A. Thompson, Anusha S. Thomas, Yinghong Wang
Summary: This study demonstrated that fecal calprotectin (FC) concentration can serve as a non-invasive biomarker to predict endoscopic and histologic remission in patients with immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis (IMDC). High FC concentrations were associated with endoscopic inflammation. FC concentrations decreased during the course of treatment in patients.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Mark W. Tenfordeu, Thandi Milton, Ikanyeng Rulaganyang, Charles Muthoga, Leabaneng Tawe, Tom Chiller, Gregory Greene, Alexander Jordan, Christopher G. Williams, Leah Owen, Tshepo B. Leeme, Amber Boose, Julia Ngidi, Madisa Mine, Joseph N. Jarvis
Summary: Increasing the CD4-count threshold for CrAg screening resulted in a higher number of individuals screened, with lower CrAg prevalence and lower mortality rate in the CD4 101-200 group compared to the CD4 <= 100 group.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Caroline W. Mugo, Ziv Shkedy, Samuel Mwalili, Tadesse Awoke, Roel Braekers, Dolphine Wandede, Christina Mwachari
Summary: In resource-limited settings, monitoring CD4 counts is crucial for evaluating treatment response in HIV patients. A study in Kenya showed that CD4 counts increased nonlinearly over time and TDF-based regimens had fewer drug substitutions compared to AZT. However, there was no significant difference in the rate of change in CD4 count between TDF and AZT.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shin Young Park, Sang Pyung Lee, Woo Jin Kim
Summary: This study found that increased gut inflammation, measured by fecal calprotectin, is associated with consciousness and systemic response in stroke patients, highlighting the potential usefulness of fecal calprotectin in stroke management.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Stefanie Kroeze, Theresa M. Rossouw, Helen C. Steel, Ferdinand W. Wit, Cissy M. Kityo, Margaret Siwale, Sulaimon Akanmu, Kishor Mandaliya, Marleen De Jager, Pascale Ondoa, Peter Reiss, Tobias F. Rinke De Wit, Neeltje A. Kootstra, Raph L. Hamers
Summary: Persistent systemic inflammation, as indicated by plasma biomarkers, during suppressive antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected individuals, may impact CD4(+) T-cell recovery and viral rebound during long-term treatment. Changes in biomarker concentrations could affect viral replication and immune recovery in patients. Further research is needed to understand these potential mechanisms in order to improve clinical outcomes.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Isabelle Boucoiran, Helene C. F. Cote, Caroline Jodoin, Chelsea Elwood, Fatima Kakkar, Silvie Valois, Deborah M. Money, Hugo Soudeyns
Summary: This study aimed to determine the frequency and factors associated with CD4 count dropping below 200 cells/mm(3) during pregnancy in women living with HIV. Data from two Canadian cohorts of pregnant women living with HIV were analyzed, and it was found that a drop in CD4 count to <200 cells/mm(3) was uncommon, with factors such as coinfection with hepatitis B or C viruses, lower first visit CD4 counts, and baseline haemoglobin levels <11 g/dL being associated with this drop. The study suggests that monitoring CD4 count once during pregnancy would be safe for women whose CD4 count is >450 cells/mm(3) at the first pregnancy visit.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Aleksandra Szymczak, Malgorzata Zalewska, Weronika Rymer, Ewa A. Jankowska
Summary: The study assessed hepcidin levels and iron metabolism in HIV-1 infected males, finding that hepcidin values decrease on effective antiretroviral therapy.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Viggo Hamberg, Johan K. Wallman, Elisabeth Mogard, Elisabet Lindqvist, Tor Olofsson, Kristofer Andreasson
Summary: This study investigated gastrointestinal inflammation in early systemic sclerosis (SSc) and found that a subgroup of SSc patients had elevated Fecal calprotectin (F-cal) at the time of diagnosis, suggesting the presence of GI inflammation in the early stages of the disease. However, F-cal did not have the potential to differentiate SSc from SSc-like disease.
RHEUMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Maria Pino, Susan Pereira Ribeiro, Amelie Pagliuzza, Khader Ghneim, Anum Khan, Emily Ryan, Justin L. Harper, Colin T. King, Sarah Welbourn, Luca Micci, Sol Aldrete, Keith A. Delman, Theron Stuart, Michael Lowe, Jason M. Brenchley, Cynthia A. Derdeyn, Kirk Easley, Rafick P. Sekaly, Nicolas Chomont, Mirko Paiardini, Vincent C. Marconi
Summary: Clinical outcomes are inferior in individuals with HIV experiencing suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during ART. The study found that immunologic suboptimal responders (ISR) had higher HIV-DNA levels in multiple CD4 T-cell subsets and higher expression of PD-1 and TIGIT exclusively on CM and TM CD4 T-cells pre-ART, indicating higher HIV reservoir maintenance. Additionally, ISR showed a lack of response to IL-7 and IL-15, potentially contributing to suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during ART.
Review
Pediatrics
Eduarda Sampaio Lazzarotto, Jannaina Ferreira de Melo Vasco, Fabiane Fuhr, Carlos Antonio Riedi, Nelson Augusto Rosario Filho
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of relevant literature, finding that fecal calprotectin can be used as an inflammatory marker for monitoring intestinal diseases, including cystic fibrosis, and as an aid in diagnosing and monitoring inflammatory bowel conditions in patients with cystic fibrosis.
JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mehrnaz Nouri, Bjorn Westrom, Shahram Lavasani
Summary: This study demonstrates signs of gastrointestinal inflammation in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS), and suggests calprotectin as a potential biomarker for evaluating intestinal inflammation in EAE. Increased infiltration of neutrophils and goblet cells in the intestinal tissue was found to correlate with disease activity, indicating the potential of this model for studying irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)