Editorial Material
Biology
Michael A. Taffe
Summary: Concealing the identity of the principal investigator helps reduce the success gap between white and African American or Black researchers in NIH grant applications, but it does not completely eliminate it.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Martin Dresler
Summary: Receiving research grants is a highlight of academic career, but the process of acquiring funding is often disliked by many researchers. The current research funding system is inefficient and needs improvement. A simple, fair and widely supported alternative is to distribute funding more equally among researchers and implement quality control through postponed peer review using open science practices.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Management
Chiara Franzoni, Paula Stephan
Summary: This paper aims to address the lack of well-defined concepts of risk and uncertainty in science, providing a foundation for further discussions. The core contributions of the paper are: outlining the meaning of risk in science, discussing ways to incorporate risk into peer review processes to avoid penalizing high-risk research proposals, distinguishing between high-risk projects and projects subjected to ambiguity/radical uncertainty, and discussing possible approaches for funding agencies to address ambiguity/radical uncertainty.
Review
Education & Educational Research
Sayaka Sato, Pascal Mark Gygax, Julian Randall, Marianne Schmid Mast
Summary: The literature on gender inequality in academia highlights the challenges faced by female researchers during their academic careers, especially in the peer review process of research grant funding. While some argue for the existence of gender bias, others demonstrate gender equality in these processes. More comprehensive research is needed to further the debate, addressing individual and systemic biases as well as global social barriers. Special attention should be given to the critical methodological challenges in examining gender biases during grant peer reviews. The paper concludes by suggesting directions for future research to improve grant funding opportunities and career paths for female researchers.
Article
Biology
Adrian Barnett, Katie Page, Carly Dyer, Susanna Cramb
Summary: The study reveals concerns among Australian researchers regarding disclosing career disruptions in funding applications and inconsistency among peer reviewers in adjusting for such disruptions. This may contribute to the ongoing funding gap for senior women in Australia.
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
John Jerrim, Robert de Vries
Summary: Peer review is widely used in academia, but it has been criticized for its slow pace, unreliability, subjectivity, and potential bias. This study examines the consistency of peer reviews and their impact on the allocation of research grants. The findings show that peer review scores given by different reviewers have low levels of consistency, and reviews from nominated reviewers are overly positive and not correlated with evaluations from independent reviewers. However, a positive review from a nominated reviewer greatly increases the chances of receiving a grant, while a single negative peer review significantly reduces funding prospects.
SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Nursah Alkan, Cengiz Kahraman
Summary: Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, known as the most widely used fuzzy set extension, allow decision makers to specify membership and non-membership degrees for elements, reflecting their uncertainty. This study aims to develop non-linear continuous intuitionistic fuzzy sets and apply them in multi-criteria decision making models. Utilizing CINFUSs with second-order non-linear functions, the study employs the AHP and TOPSIS methodologies in a fuzzy environment, contributing to the understanding of how higher order non-linear functions can be used in intuitionistic fuzzy sets.
APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Communication
Maria Latos, Frank Lobigs, Holger Wormer
Summary: Financing high-quality journalism is becoming more challenging due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Maintaining independence is crucial, and the transfer of established funding models from scientific research to journalism lacks systematic approaches. This study proposes the German Research Foundation as a model and suggests the creation of a German Journalism Foundation, which would provide funding through a peer review process.
Article
Environmental Studies
Rebecca Abma-Schouten, Joey Gijbels, Wendy Reijmerink, Ingeborg Meijer
Summary: Through an observational study, this research examines how scientific quality and societal relevance are discussed in panel meetings of two large biomedical and health research funders in the Netherlands. The study finds that scientific arguments are more prevalent than arguments related to societal relevance and expected impact. Diverse panels contribute to a wider range of arguments, particularly regarding societal relevance and impact. The research also addresses the need for funders to establish a shared conceptual framework to improve the quality of peer review.
SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Karolin Sjoo, Wolfgang Kaltenbrunner
Summary: Policymakers are trying to guide researchers to choose socially relevant topics and conduct research accordingly, but the effects of such governance methods are not well understood. We analyzed 1,189 research proposals submitted to the Swedish Research Council, which required researchers to consider including sex and/or gender perspectives in their research. Researchers relied on three strategies (content-, performer-, and impact-centered) and we analyzed how they justified the inclusion or exclusion of these perspectives. Based on our findings, we discuss the expected effects of such a requirement.
SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kai Ding, Yue Niu, Wei Chong Choo
Summary: This study analyzes 1021 articles published in 416 journals from 2015 to 2022 to reveal the research topics and trends on Airbnb. The primary focus of academic research on Airbnb is its operational practices and impacts. Key research themes include trust, house rules, pricing strategies, and value creation. The most researched impacts are on urban tourism, rental housing markets, tourist destinations, and hotels. The study also found a shift in research focus over time and differences between hospitality and tourism journals and others.
Review
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Makarand Amrish Mody, Lydia Hanks, Mingming Cheng
Summary: The study found that while research on the sharing economy in hospitality and tourism has achieved significant depth, the understanding of this area remains somewhat limited. Researchers focused on specific thematic areas with limited theoretical engagement and used a restricted range of methods and perspectives.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Misha Teplitskiy, Hao Peng, Andrea Blasco, Karim R. Lakhani
Summary: This study investigates the association between novelty and manuscript acceptance, finding that higher novelty is consistently associated with higher acceptance. Disagreement among peer reviewers was not related to novelty or conventionality, and editors tend to select manuscripts with higher novelty. This challenges the perception that peer review is inherently resistant to novelty.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael S. Bernstein, Margaret Levi, David Magnus, Betsy A. Rajala, Debra Satz, Charla Waeiss
Summary: Researchers across different fields must now consider societal risks posed by their studies, not just risks to individual participants. The Ethics and Society Review board requires researchers to outline risks their research may pose to society, subgroups, and globally, and develop strategies to address these risks. A mixed-method evaluation of the ESR found that it positively influenced researchers' project designs by highlighting issues such as harms to minority groups and the importance of diverse stakeholder inclusion.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Ethics
Seba Qussini, Ross S. MacDonald, Saad Shahbal, Kris Dierickx
Summary: This systematic review aims to assess the overall effect of blinding models on bias, the effect of each blinding model, and the effect of un-blinding on reviewer's accountability in biomedical research proposals. Three studies were included, highlighting the need for further RCTs to generate validated evidence. Multiple aspects of peer review, such as peer review in manuscripts vs proposals and peer review in other fields, were also discussed.
JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN RESEARCH ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Nursing
Margaret Cahill, Sharne Neill, Elise Treleaven, Karen Lee-Steere, Andy Carter, Linda McCormack, Alison Mudge
Summary: This paper discusses the importance of nursing leadership in the fundamentals of care for older patients in acute inpatient settings. The article presents a successful multidisciplinary improvement program called Eat Walk Engage that significantly reduces delirium in older inpatients. The authors argue that a complexity-based approach, including collaborative multidisciplinary engagement and appropriate knowledge translation frameworks, can empower nurses to emerge as local leaders in fundamental care.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING
(2023)
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Mohd H. Abdul-Aziz, Kiran Shekar, Jason A. Roberts
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Correction
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Amy Legg, Niamh Meagher, Sandra A. Johnson, Matthew A. Roberts, Alan Cass, Marc H. Scheetz, Jane Davies, Jason A. Roberts, Joshua S. Davis, Steven Y. C. Tong
CLINICAL DRUG INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Haifa Lyster, Kiran Shekar, Kevin Watt, Anna Reed, Jason A. A. Roberts, Mohd-Hafiz Abdul-Aziz
Summary: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an advanced life support system that provides temporary cardiac and/or respiratory support for critically ill patients. Fungal infections are associated with higher mortality rates in patients on ECMO. The pharmacokinetics of antifungal drugs can be affected by critical illness and ECMO, making dosing challenging. Current literature on antifungal dosing in critically ill patients on ECMO is limited and inconsistent, making it necessary to consider therapeutic drug monitoring.
CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Jason A. Roberts, Katherine Croom, Nicholas Adomakoh
Summary: Continuous infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics may be beneficial in some patients, especially those with severe infections. However, the existing studies have been small-scale and have yielded conflicting results. The best evidence on the clinical outcomes of beta-lactam continuous infusion comes from systematic reviews/meta-analyses.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jill Campbell, Ruth Hubbard, Joan Ostaszkiewicz, Theresa Green, Fiona Coyer, Alison Mudge
Summary: Incontinence is common in older inpatients, including pre-hospital, hospital-acquired, and new post-hospital incontinence. Understanding the patterns of incontinence can help target interventions to reduce this complication.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Angela Byrnes, Prue McRae, Alison M. Mudge
Summary: This multi-centre study aimed to measure mobility and identify barriers and enablers to mobility participation from the older patient's perspective. The study found that mobility of older patients in hospitals is generally low, and they face challenges from the physical and social environment.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Andrew Burke, Robyn Carter, Carla Tolson, Jacob Congdon, Christine Duplancic, Evan Bursle, Scott C. Bell, Jason A. Roberts, Rachel Thomson
Summary: This study describes the in vitro activity of imipenem-relebactam and tedizolid against Mycobacterium abscessus isolates from patients with and without cystic fibrosis, and suggests their potential use as treatment options for M. abscessus infections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Daniel Fresan, Sonia Luque, Adela Benitez-Cano, Luisa Sorli, Maria Milagro Montero, Marta De-Antonio, Victoria Vega, Jason A. Roberts, Juan P. Horcajada, Santiago Grau
Summary: This study describes the use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) target attainment of ceftaroline administered by intermittent and prolonged infusion in patients with MDR-GP bacterial infections. The results show that patients treated with prolonged infusions achieved the PK/PD target.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Srinivas Sulugodu Ramachandra, Fekade Bruck Sime, Saiyuri Naicker, Pingping Han, Ryan S. B. Lee, Steven Wallis, Jason A. Roberts, Saso Ivanovski
Summary: This study investigated the antimicrobial effect of amoxicillin on polymicrobial microcosm biofilms derived from subgingival plaque using an in vitro dynamic bioreactor model. The results showed that amoxicillin had a significant antimicrobial effect on the biofilms and could reduce/eliminate certain bacteria.
JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dylan Flaws, Chelsea Allen, Stuart Baker, Adrian Barnett, Olivia Metcalf, Hamish Pollock, Mahesh Ramanan, Alexis Tabah, Tracey Varker
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating a psychiatric review into an existing post-ICU follow-up process. The study will run for 12 months, recruiting 30 participants at Redcliffe Hospital. Participants will be allocated to intervention or control, with the intervention group receiving psychiatric assessment and treatment. The study will assess the effectiveness of the intervention and inform future research.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Adrian Barnett, Jennifer Byrne
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Health Policy & Services
Sumudu A. Hewage, Rini Noviyani, David Brain, Pakhi Sharma, William Parsonage, Steven M. Mcphail, Adrian Barnett, Sanjeewa Kularatna
Summary: This study assessed the methodological quality of economic evaluations on stroke prevention strategies for atrial fibrillation patients. The results showed that LAAC is a cost-effective strategy for preventing stroke in atrial fibrillation patients. However, the study identified shortcomings in the methodological quality, which raise concerns about the reliability and validity of the results.
COST EFFECTIVENESS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Santosh K. S. Adiraju, Chandra D. Sumi, Saurabh Pandey, Menino O. Cotta, Jason A. Roberts, Jeffrey Lipman, Steven C. Wallis, Suzanne L. Parker
Summary: A methodology for measuring levetiracetam in plasma and urine was developed, validated, and applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study in critically ill patients with severe traumatic brain injury. The method is suitable for measuring levetiracetam concentrations in human plasma and urine, and it can be used to study the pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
Article
Microbiology
Maria Patricia Hernandez-Mitre, Steven C. Wallis, Elizabeth E. Morgan, Michael N. Dudley, Jeffery S. Loutit, David C. Griffith, Jason A. Roberts, Ryan K. Shields
Summary: This phase I clinical trial investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of ceftibuten. The study found that the exposure of cis- and trans-ceftibuten increased proportionally with increasing doses, and accumulation of ceftibuten was observed. Ceftibuten was well tolerated at doses up to 800 mg twice-daily.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
