Article
Thermodynamics
Sahin Gungor, Giovani Dambros Telli, Sylvie Lorente
Summary: The objective of this work is to propose a methodology for realistically assessing the temperatures of batteries during charging and discharging with only one experimental data point available. This is achieved by developing an iterative approach solving equations describing the electrical behavior of the cell and the energy conservation equation. The temperature distribution over time is obtained, and the final temperature rise matches the experimental data. The study also shows the impact of assembling cells in series or parallel on the temperature distribution, highlighting the generation of a horizontal temperature gradient in addition to the vertical gradient in 3S2P configurations, which remains consistent even with more cells assembled, such as in a 14S2P configuration.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
S. Hemavathi, Srirama Srinivas, A. S. Prakash
Summary: This research proposes a hydrostatic flow single-phase dielectric immersion cooling technique for an 18,650 cylindrical cell Li-ion battery, which demonstrates better cooling effect and uniform temperature distribution during high current discharge rate.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Muhammad Waqas Nazar, Naseem Iqbal, Majid Ali, Hassan Nazir, M. Zain Bin Amjad
Summary: To improve the safety of Li-ion batteries, understanding their behavior under high temperature is crucial. In this study, charge and discharge experiments were conducted on battery packs to evaluate the impact of thermal management on battery performance. By analyzing the temperature distribution among the cells under different conditions and using phase change material, it was found that thermal management significantly affects the battery pack's performance and safety. Active cooling (air cooling) and passive cooling (using PCM) were both effective methods to reduce the temperature difference compared to ambient temperature, with passive cooling showing the most promising results.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Peng Peng, Yiwei Wang, Fangming Jiang
Summary: This study develops a three-dimensional numerical model to investigate the thermal behavior of a cylindrical lithium-ion battery module with a compact hybrid cooling system of phase change material (PCM) and heat pipes. The results show that the discharge process, PCM properties, and charge-discharge cycles affect the distribution of PCM liquid fraction, temperature difference, and thermal performance of the battery module.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Orhan Kalkan, Ali Celen, Kadir Bakirci
Summary: This paper proposes an optimized solution for a mini channeled cold plate (MCCP) in thermal management of electric vehicles. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is verified through experimental investigation. The geometric parameters and coolant flow rate are optimized using a multi-objective approach, resulting in optimum design variable values for battery temperature control.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tien-Fu Yang, Pei-Yi Lin, Li-Tao Teng, Saman Rashidi, Wei-Mon Yan
Summary: In recent years, energy and environmental challenges have become increasingly important. Electric vehicles equipped with lithium-ion batteries have shown great promise in addressing these issues. This study focuses on the thermal management of a specific type of NCM-21700 battery, using both experimental and numerical approaches. The results demonstrate the impact of discharge rate on battery temperature and capacity.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Teng Liu, Shanhai Ge, Xiao-Guang Yang, Chao-Yang Wang
Summary: This study suggests that allowing Li-ion batteries to charge at higher temperatures can alleviate the issues of increased cost and weight caused by strong cooling systems during fast charging. By using an experimentally validated model, it is shown that a gradually increasing temperature profile can achieve a balance between fast charging and thermal management of the battery.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Alireza Qaderi, Farzad Veysi
Summary: Water-nano encapsulated phase change material (water-NEPCM) is a promising coolant made from PCM nano capsules dispersed in water. This study investigated the thermal management system of an 18650 Li-ion battery pack using water-NEPCM. The results showed that water-NEPCM can significantly lower the battery cell's temperatures, increase temperature uniformity, and affect the Li-ion concentration and voltage.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jiebo Yang, Qinghua Yu, Sheng Chen, Maji Luo, Wenhui Du, Yang Yu, Yuanhao Wu, Weiguang Zhou, Zijian Zhou
Summary: This study fills the knowledge gap by comprehensively analyzing the effect of mechanical vibration on the thermal performance of PCM-fin structure BTMS. The study finds that mechanical vibration can significantly enhance the thermal performance of the BTMS and affects the ideal fin quantity and vibration amplitude. Furthermore, the study reveals that even under low vibration frequency, the BTMS can still perform well, but its thermal performance becomes less sensitive to changes in vibration frequency as the frequency increases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Dinesh Kumar Sharma, Aneesh Prabhakar
Summary: Electric vehicles are gradually replacing internal combustion engine vehicles due to rising environmental pollution. Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in EVs, but effective thermal management is crucial. This review aims to provide directions for the design and development of efficient air-cooled and hybrid air-cooled BTMS for EVs.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qin Le, Qianlei Shi, Qian Liu, Xiaole Yao, Xing Ju, Chao Xu
Summary: Thermal management is crucial for lithium-ion batteries due to their heat generation during high-rate charging and discharging. This paper presents a novel manifold immersion (MI) cooling structure inspired by the microchannel structure for chip cooling. Numerical simulation models are used for optimization analysis. The results reveal that the MI cooling structure requires high heat transfer on the lateral surface of batteries rather than the bottom or baffle surface. The cooling capacity is greatly influenced by design parameters such as manifold channel length and battery spacing channel width. Stable wall jet flows contribute to better thermal load and temperature uniformities. The optimized MI cooling structure achieves a maximum temperature of 35.06 degrees C with good temperature uniformity for a lithium-ion battery pack.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Ravindra Kumar, Sandip Chavan
Summary: This study investigates the temperature characteristics of lithium-ion batteries under different temperatures and charging/discharging rates using numerical and experimental techniques. A numerical method for predicting battery temperature is proposed and validated, which can be used to determine operating strategies and design thermal management systems for batteries.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Siyan Chen, Zhenhai Gao, Tianjun Sun
Summary: This review discusses the general working mechanism of Lithium-ion batteries, the thermal runaway process, trigger conditions, material factors, and advancements in battery safety. It aims to provide a general picture of thermal runaway risks and solutions for safer battery designs.
ENERGY SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Simone Barcellona, Silvia Colnago, Paolo Montrasio, Luigi Piegari
Summary: Lithium-ion batteries are attractive for electric vehicles but sensitive to temperature. Thermal management systems are needed to mitigate temperature issues. This paper proposes an integrated electro-thermal model to estimate the thermal behavior of each battery cell in a battery pack.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sergio Pinilla, Sean Ryan, Lorcan McKeon, Meiying Lian, Sebastien Vaesen, Ahin Roy, Wolfgang Schmitt, Jonathan N. Coleman, Valeria Nicolosi
Summary: Additive manufacturing strategies are gaining importance in lithium-ion battery field due to their advantages such as rapid prototyping, waste reduction, and complex 3D structures. These techniques are also gaining attention for micro-energy storage devices. In this study, various additive manufacturing techniques were compared to standard methodologies, evaluating their electrochemical performance and correlating it with physical changes induced by the printing process. The use of LTO/CNT-based inks revealed that the arrangement of conductive additives significantly affects the rate performance of the device, and a model was used to identify the limiting factor on printed electrodes and correlate it with the material arrangement produced by each technique.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mahsa Taghavi, Swapnil Sharma, Vemuri Balakotaiah
Summary: This study investigates the natural convection effects in the insulation layers of spherical storage tanks and their impact on the tanks' performance. The permeability and Rayleigh number of the insulation material are considered as key factors. The results show that as the Rayleigh number increases, new convective cells emerge and cause the cold boundary to approach the external hot boundary. In the case of large temperature differences, multiple solutions may coexist.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinyang Xu, Fangjun Hong, Chaoyang Zhang
Summary: This study introduces a self-induced jet impingement device for enhancing pool boiling performance in high power electronic cooling. Through visualization and parametric investigations, the effects of this device on pool boiling performance are studied, revealing the promotion of additional liquid supply and vapor exhausting. The flow rate of the liquid jet is found to positively impact boiling performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wenchao Ke, Yuan Liu, Fissha Biruke Teshome, Zhi Zeng
Summary: Underwater wet laser welding (UWLW) is a promising and labor-saving repair technique. A thermal multi-phase flow model was developed to study the heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and phase transitions during UWLW. The results show that UWLW creates a water keyhole, making the welding environment similar to in air laser welding.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xingrong Lian, Lin Tian, Zengyao Li, Xinpeng Zhao
Summary: This study investigates the heat transfer mechanisms in natural fiber-derived porous structures and finds that thermal radiation has a significant impact on the thermal conductivity in low-density regions, while natural convection rarely occurs. Insulation materials derived from micron-sized natural fibers can achieve minimum thermal conductivity at specific densities. Strategies to lower the thermal conductivity include increasing porosity and incorporating nanoscale pores using nanosize fibers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yasir A. Malik, Kilian Koebschall, Stephan Bansmer, Cameron Tropea, Jeanette Hussong, Philippe Villedieu
Summary: Ice crystal icing is a significant hazard in aviation, and accurate modeling of sticking efficiency is essential. In this study, icing wind tunnel experiments were conducted to quantify the volumetric liquid water fraction, sticking efficiency, and maximum thickness of ice layers. Two measurement techniques, calorimetry and capacitive measurements, were used to measure the liquid water content and distribution in the ice layers. The experiments showed that increasing wet bulb temperatures and substrate heat flux significantly increased sticking efficiency and maximum ice layer thickness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinqi Hu, Tongtong Geng, Kun Wang, Yuanhong Fan, Chunhua Min, Hsien Chin Su
Summary: This study experimentally examined the heat dissipation of vibrating fans and demonstrated its inherent mechanism through numerical simulation. The results showed that the flow fields induced by the vibrating blades exhibited pulsating features and formed large-scale and small-scale vortical structures, significantly improving heat dissipation. The study also identified the impacts of different blade structures and developed a trapezoidal-folding blade, which effectively reduced the maximum temperature of the heat source and alleviated high-temperature failure crisis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Dan-Dan Su, Xiao-Bin Li, Hong-Na Zhang, Feng-Chen Li
Summary: The boiling heat transfer of low-boiling-point working fluid is a common heat dissipation technology in electronic equipment cooling. This study analyzed the interfacial boiling behavior of R134a under different conditions and found that factors such as the initial thickness of the liquid film, solid-liquid interaction force, and initial temperature significantly affect the boiling mode and thermal resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinyi Wu, Dongke Sun, Wei Chen, Zhenhua Chai
Summary: A unified lattice Boltzmann-phase field scheme is proposed to simulate dendrite growth of binary alloys in the presence of melt convection. The effects of various factors on the growth are investigated numerically, and the model is validated through comparisons and examinations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shaokun Ge, Ya Ni, Fubao Zhou, Wangzhaonan Shen, Jia Li, Fengqi Guo, Bobo Shi
Summary: This study investigated the temperature distribution of main cables in a suspension bridge during fire scenarios and proposed a prediction model for the maximum temperature of cables in different lane fires. The results showed that vehicle fires in the emergency lane posed a greater thermal threat to the cables.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shuang-Ying Wu, Shi-Yao Zhou, Lan Xiao, Jia Luo
Summary: This paper investigates the two-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics of low-velocity jet impacting on a cylindrical surface. The study reveals that the heat transfer regimes are non-phase transition and nucleate boiling with the increase of heat transfer rate. The effects of jet impact height and outlet velocity on local surface temperatures are pronounced at the non-phase transition stage. The growth rates of heat transfer rate and liquid loss rate increase significantly from the non-phase transition to nucleate boiling stage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Emad Hasani Malekshah, Wlodzimierz Wlodzimierz, Miros law Majkut
Summary: Cavitation has significant practical importance and can be controlled by air injection. This study investigates the natural to ventilated cavitation process around a hydrofoil through numerical and experimental methods. The results show that the location and rate of air injection have a meaningful impact on the characteristics of cavitation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Feriel Yahiat, Pascale Bouvier, Antoine Beauvillier, Serge Russeil, Christophe Andre, Daniel Bougeard
Summary: This study explores the enhancement of mixing performance in laminar flow equipment by investigating the generation of chaotic advection using wall deformations in annular geometries. The findings demonstrate that the combined geometry can achieve perfect mixing at various Reynolds numbers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hui He, Ning Lyu, Caihua Liang, Feng Wang, Xiaosong Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the condensation, frosting, and defrosting processes on superhydrophobic surfaces with millimeter-scale structures. The results reveal that the structures can influence the growth and removal of frost crystals, with the bottom grooves creating a frost-free zone and conical edges promoting higher frost crystal heights. Two effective methods for defrosting are observed: hand-lifting the groove and airfoil retraction contraction on protruding structures. This research provides valuable insights into frost formation and defrosting on millimeter-structured superhydrophobic surfaces, with potential applications in anti-frost engineering.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Thiwanka Arepolage, Christophe Verdy, Thibaut Sylvestre, Aymeric Leray, Sebastien Euphrasie
Summary: This study developed two thermal concentrators, one with a 2D design of uniform thickness and another with a 3D design, using the coordinate transformation technique and metamaterials. By structuring the thermal conductor, the desired local density-heat capacity product and anisotropic thermal conductivities were achieved. The homogenized thermal conductivities were obtained from finite element simulations and cylindrical symmetry consideration. A 3D concentrator was fabricated using 3D metal printing and characterized using a thermal camera. Compared to devices that solely consider anisotropic conductivities, the time evolution characteristics of the metadevice designed with coordinate transformation were closer to those of an ideal concentrator.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Liangyuan Cheng, Qingyang Wang, Jinliang Xu
Summary: In this study, we investigated the supercritical heat transfer of CO2 in a horizontal tube with a diameter of 10.0 mm, covering a wide range of pressures, mass fluxes, and heat fluxes. The study revealed a non-monotonic increase in wall temperatures along the flow direction and observed both positive and negative wall temperature differences between the bottom and top tube. The findings were explained by the thermal conduction in the solid wall interacting with the stratified-wavy flow in the tube.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)