Journal
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
Volume 59, Issue 38, Pages 16626-16636Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04113
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Funding
- Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), UE [CTQ201789443-C3-1-R, CTQ2017-89443-C3-3-R]
- MECD of Spain [FPU16/05131]
- Spanish MCIU [FJC2018-038577-I]
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Bifunctional catalysts supported over high-surface-area graphite comprising copper and a series of metallic oxides (MgO, BaO, ZnO, or MnO) that exhibit different acid/base properties were studied in the ethanol condensation reaction to 1-butanol in a continuous flow reactor. This condensation reaction goes through the Guerbet mechanism, consisting of a multistep process based on hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions as well as base-catalyzed aldol condensation and acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions. The catalytic tests were performed in a fixed-bed reactor working in the gas phase at 50 bar and 503 K. The catalyst 5Cu-Mn/G exhibited the highest yield toward 1-butanol followed closely by 5Cu-Mg/G, unlike their counterparts with BaO and ZnO as the metal oxide. The cooperative action between the metal function as the hydrogenating/dehydrogenating agent and the suitable quantity of medium-high-strength basic sites and medium-weak-strength acid sites is responsible for the highest 1-butanol yields.
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