Review
Physiology
Hamed Alizadeh Pahlavani, Ismail Laher, Beat Knechtle, Hassane Zouhal
Summary: Sarcopenia is a severe condition of muscle loss and functional decline during aging, leading to reduced quality of life, limited independence, and increased risk of falls. The causes of sarcopenia include inactivity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Exercise can be used as a non-invasive treatment for sarcopenia by regulating pathways that control the mitochondrial network.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Donato A. Rivas, Fei Peng, Townsend Benard, Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva, Roger A. Fielding, Lee M. Margolis
Summary: The study found that miR-19b-3p plays a crucial role in regulating muscle synthesis, contributing to understanding the varied responses of mobility-limited older adults to anabolic stimuli.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
J. A. K. O. B. R. ALLEN, R. E. M. Z. I. SATIROGLU, B. R. A. N. D. O. N. FICO, H. I. R. O. F. U. M. I. TANAKA, E. M. R. E. VARDARLI, J. E. F. F. R. E. Y. J. LUCI, E. D. W. A. R. D. F. COYLE
Summary: The study shows that 8 weeks of maximal power cycling training effectively increases muscle mass, maximal power, cardiovascular capacity, and functional tasks in untrained 50- to 68-year-olds.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jose Luis Perez-Lasierra, Jose A. Casajus, Alejandro Gonzalez-Aguero, Belen Moreno-Franco
Summary: The study aimed to analyze the association of physical activity with the prevalence of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis in non-institutionalized American population aged over 50. Results showed that performing a certain amount of physical activity per week was associated with reduced odds for each of the three diseases, indicating the benefits of physical activity in preventing sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis among Americans over 50 years old.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan Huang, Beiling Wu, Dingzhu Shen, Jiulin Chen, Zhihua Yu, Chuan Chen
Summary: Sarcopenia is characterized by age-associated degenerative skeletal muscle atrophy, and the accumulation of iron may lead to ferroptosis in muscle cells, which could be a contributing factor to sarcopenia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Moon Joo Cheong, Yeonseok Kang, Sungchul Kim, Hyung Won Kang
Summary: Diagnosis of rare incurable diseases, such as sarcopenia, is important. This study aimed to identify the current tools used for diagnosis and review interventions for sarcopenia. The findings showed inconsistent use of diagnostic tools and identified circuit exercise combined with aerobic exercise and strength training as the most common intervention method. It is crucial to establish clear diagnostic criteria and evaluation standards for sarcopenia in the future. The results of this study may also provide valuable information for rehabilitation treatments for rare and incurable diseases.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Leatha A. Clark, David W. Russ, Dallin Tavoian, W. David Arnold, Timothy D. Law, Christopher R. France, Brian C. Clark
Summary: The response of muscle strength to resistance exercise in older adults appears to be dependent on the type of contraction, with changes in muscle contractility being positively associated with improvements in isokinetic strength. Changes in lean mass and voluntary activation did not significantly explain the heterogeneity in strength response. More comprehensive assessments of muscle strength adaptations are needed in future investigations.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yoann Barnouin, Reina Armamento-Villareal, Alessandra Celli, Bryan Jiang, Arjun Paudyal, Vijay Nambi, Mon S. Bryant, Marco Marcelli, Jose M. Garcia, Clifford Qualls, Dennis T. Villareal
Summary: The study found that adding testosterone to lifestyle therapy for 6 months does not further improve overall physical function in older, obese men with hypogonadism. However, testosterone may help attenuate the reduction in muscle mass and hip bone mineral density caused by weight loss, and may also improve aerobic capacity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Helena Slaets, Lena Fonteyn, Bert Eijnde, Niels Hellings
Summary: Frailty and a failing immune system in the final years of life contribute to healthcare burdens, but regular exercise can help combat muscle loss and support immune system function. T cells play an important role in both muscle pathology and exercise-induced immune responses. This review article provides insights into T cell senescence, how exercise modulates it, and the involvement of T cells in muscle regeneration and growth. Understanding the interactions between myocytes and T cells can help develop strategies to address age-related diseases.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sakulrat Mankhong, Sujin Kim, Sohee Moon, Jae-Seon Lee, Eun-Jeong Cho, Hyo-Bum Kwak, Dong-Ho Park, Ji-Kan Ryu, Ju-Hee Kang
Summary: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a combination of muscle atrophy and obesity in elderly people, which leads to negative health outcomes. This study investigated the effects of melatonin and exercise training on SO in mice and found that both interventions improved skeletal muscle function and reduced atrophy. This improvement was attributed to the preservation of satellite cells and the reduction of cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Hao Su, Tianhao Wen, Dongsen Liu, Jia Shao, Lei Zhao, Qi Gao
Summary: Sarcopenia caused by aging is a key factor leading to a decline in the quality of life of older individuals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance training (RT) on skeletal muscle-related indices and provide a theoretical basis for delaying sarcopenia. The results showed that both HIIT and RT can reverse the age-related loss of muscle mass, with RT having a better effect. Additionally, HIIT showed better long-term intervention regarding pro-apoptotic factors. Further research is warranted to understand the underlying mechanisms of different exercise methods on aging skeletal muscle.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Barbara Morawin, Anna Tylutka, Filip Bielewicz, Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammation and sarcopenia and evaluate the impact of lifestyle on inflammatory markers. The results showed significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers (IL-1β, cfDNA, and bilirubin) in the sarcopenia group compared to the no sarcopenia group. Gait speed was negatively correlated with cfDNA and IL-1β. Furthermore, the study revealed a link between inflammation and fitness level in older adults, suggesting that lifestyle exercise is a key therapeutic strategy for sarcopenia prevention.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yori Endo, Yuteng Zhang, Shayan Olumi, Mehran Karvar, Shailesh Argawal, Ronald L. Neppl, Indranil Sinha
Summary: Exercise is believed to be beneficial for skeletal muscle function in individuals of all ages, but the response to exercise declines with aging. Transcriptomic changes induced by exercise in aged muscle indicate that neural responses predominate the adaptive response, while the absence of upregulations in anabolic pathways highlights them as potential pharmacological targets for optimizing therapies for sarcopenia.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Takahiro Ogawa, Masaki Koike
Summary: Weak handgrip strength, cognitive impairment, and the need for assistance in activities of daily living before injury may independently attenuate the effectiveness of fracture rehabilitation in improving activities of daily living in elderly female patients. It is recommended that such patients undergo more rehabilitation to improve their activities of daily living, and not refrain from rehabilitation due to old age and fracture.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Kenneth H. Mertz, Soren Reitelseder, Morten A. Rasmussen, Jacob Buelow, Grith Hojfeldt, Mikkel Jensen, Morten Hjulmand, Jonas Lindberg, Mathilde U. Kramer, Rasmus Bechshoft, Lars Holm
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of home-based resistance training compared with center-based resistance training on the preservation of muscle mass and strength in older individuals 6 months after the interventions ended. The results showed that regardless of the training intervention, the continuation of resistance training is crucial for the maintenance of muscle mass.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kai Aoki, Takehito Sugasawa, Kouki Yanazawa, Koichi Watanabe, Tohru Takemasa, Yoshinori Takeuchi, Yuichi Aita, Naoya Yahagi, Yasuko Yoshida, Tomoaki Kuji, Nanami Sekine, Kaoru Takeuchi, Haruna Ueda, Yasushi Kawakami, Kazuhiro Takekoshi
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Takehito Sugasawa, Kai Aoki, Kouki Yanazawa, Kazuhiro Takekoshi
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kai Aoki, Koki Yanazawa, Katsuyuki Tokinoya, Takehito Sugasawa, Takuji Suzuki, Yasuko Yoshida, Takuro Nakano, Naomi Omi, Yasushi Kawakami, Kazuhiro Takekoshi
Summary: Renalase expression is upregulated in fasting conditions and localized in the crypt. Overexpression of renalase protects intestinal cells from oxidative stress induced by H2O2, suggesting a potential protective role of renalase against oxidative stress. NF-kappa B p65 may play a role in regulating renalase expression in response to oxidative stress in the small intestine.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takehito Sugasawa, Seiko Ono, Masato Yonamine, Shin-ichiro Fujita, Yuki Matsumoto, Kai Aoki, Takuro Nakano, Shinsuke Tamai, Yasuko Yoshida, Yasushi Kawakami, Kazuhiro Takekoshi
Summary: Feeding a CDAHFD diet for just 1 week induced lipid droplet deposition in the liver with increased activity of liver-derived enzymes and impaired mitochondrial respiration, leading to severe oxidative stress. However, it did not induce fibrosis or cirrhosis. This study provides insight into how short-term CDAHFD feeding can mimic the early stage of NASH in humans.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kai Aoki, Takuji Suzuki, Fang Hui, Takuro Nakano, Koki Yanazawa, Masato Yonamine, Shinichiro Fujita, Takehito Sugasawa, Yasuko Yoshida, Naomi Omi, Yasushi Kawakami, Kazuhiro Takekoshi
Summary: This study showed that acute low-intensity exercise affects the expression of molecules involved in intestinal carbohydrate digestion and absorption through GLP-2, leading to higher plasma GLP-2 levels and increased expression of GLP-2 receptor, SI, and GLUT2 in the jejunum in mice. These results suggest that exercise may be beneficial for small intestine function in individuals with intestinal frailty.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Takehito Sugasawa, Takuro Nakano, Shin-ichiro Fujita, Yuki Matsumoto, Genki Ishihara, Kai Aoki, Koki Yanazawa, Seiko Ono, Shinsuke Tamai, Lev Manevich, Haruna Ueda, Noriyo Ishibashi, Kenshirou Tamai, Yasuharu Kanki, Yasuko Yoshida, Koichi Watanabe, Tohru Takemasa, Yasushi Kawakami, Kazuhiro Takekoshi
Summary: This study successfully developed a gene-doping mouse model with the human EPO gene transferred using recombinant adenovirus, demonstrating the presence of gene doping. Through testing DNA and RNA samples from whole blood, gene doping could be detected for approximately a month, with significant changes in overall RNA expression profiles allowing advanced detection of hEPO gene doping.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Takuji Suzuki, Yuki Sato, Sumire Kadoya, Takumi Takahashi, Moeko Otomo, Hanna Kobayashi, Kai Aoki, Mai Kantake, Maika Sugiyama, Ronaldo P. Ferraris
Summary: Research has shown that allulose has a greater impact on the intestinal transcriptome compared to fructose and glucose, potentially stimulating nutrient transport, metabolism, and digestive system development. Additionally, allulose can restore small intestinal structure and function in rats and may act through the secretion of GLP-2.
