Effect of injection strategies on a single-fuel RCCI combustion fueled with isobutanol/isobutanol plus DTBP blends

In recent years, improved combustion controllability through in-cylinder reactivity stratification by using two different fuels have led to introduction of dual-fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) strategy. In conventional RCCI, gasoline or natural gas can be used as the low-reactivity fuel, and diesel or biodiesel can be used as the high-reactivity fuel. This strategy has the potential to operate with a single low-reactivity fuel and direct injection (DI) of the same fuel blended with a small amount of cetane improver. In the present study, numerical simulations have been carried out to study injection strategy in a single-fuel RCCI engine fueled with isobutanol - isobutanol + 20% di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP). Firstly, the effects of start of injection (SOI) timing, injection pressure (pin9), spray cone angle (SCA), and DI fuel ratio were explored. Then, the effect of DI fuel ratio was discussed in each best case in order to decrease the high DI requirement. The results indicate that SOI = -88 degrees ATDC, pin9 = 1400 bar, and SCA = 45 degrees can improve the single-fuel RCCI engine performance and emissions compared to the baseline case (SOI = -58 degrees ATDC, pin9 = 600 bar, SCA = 72.5 degrees). Moreover, it is shown that by advancing the SOI timing to -88 degrees ATDC, a 20% reduction in DI ratio, 3.3% increase in gross indicated efficiency (GIE) together with reductions in CO, and NOx emissions by 3.56 g/kW-h and 0.254 g/kW-h, could be achieved, respectively.