Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiaochen Wang, Ying Wang, Yuanqi Bai, Funan Guo, Dongxing Wang
Summary: The study showed that particulates emitted from gasoline/diesel dual-fuel combustion were easier to oxidize and had higher volatile organic fraction compared to diesel particles. It was also found that particles at lower engine speed exhibited higher oxidation reactivity and volatile organic fraction. The nanostructure of dual-fuel soot contributed to its increased oxidative reactivity, with a more amorphous nature being a key factor.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xiaochen Wang, Jianbing Gao, Hao Chen, Zhanming Chen, Peng Zhang, Zhenbin Chen
Summary: The study found that increasing methanol substitution can lower activation energy and increase soot oxidation reactivity, which is closely related to changes in primary particle size and fringe parameters. This suggests that the ignition of soot oxidation is highly dependent on its morphology and nanostructure, showing advantages for engine fuel economy improvement in diesel/methanol dual-fuel operation.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Georgios A. Kelesidis, Amogh Nagarkar, Una Trivanovic, Sotiris E. Pratsinis
Summary: Soot emissions from aircraft engines contribute to global warming through the formation of contrail cirrus clouds. This study explores the elimination of such emissions through N-2 injection at the exhaust of enclosed spray combustion of jet fuel. It is found that injecting N-2 containing 5% O-2 enhances the formation of PAHs on soot surface and increases soot number density and volume fraction. However, increasing the O-2 concentration to 20% or 25% enhances oxidation and nearly eliminates soot emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhaowen Wang, Xiaojie Li, Lin Xiang, Yuhan Huang, Bing Lang, Xiaobei Cheng, Jie Zhang
Summary: This study compares the spray combustion characteristics of neat diesel, neat RP-3 and RP-3/diesel blends under different conditions. The results show that the blending ratio of RP-3 has significant effects on the spray and combustion processes. RP-3/diesel blends exhibit faster evaporation and lower soot emissions than neat diesel and RP-3 alone.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yajun Wang, He Yang, Xingyu Liang, Haiqing Song, Zhiping Tao
Summary: The oxidation behaviors of soot particles from a diesel engine when using neat diesel fuel and lubricating base oil-blended fuel were investigated. The changes in particle size and nanostructure parameters during soot oxidation were analyzed. Results showed that the oxidation of soot particles exhibited a transition from surface oxidation to internal oxidation, which was enhanced by combustion of base oil. HRTEM results revealed a transformation of the nanostructure from disordered to more graphitized structure during soot oxidation.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tengfei Wang, Run Chen, Hao Jiang, Xinqi Qiao, Tie Li
Summary: This study uses high resolution transmission electron microscopy to analyze the formation mechanism of soot particles during the combustion of commercial diesel fuel and emulsified fuel with water-containing ethanol. The results indicate that the soot particles derived from emulsified fuel are less mature but have higher oxidation reactivity compared to diesel fuel.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xingyu Liang, Bowen Zhao, Kun Wang, Xu Lv, Yajun Wang, Jun Liu, Yuesen Wang
Summary: This study investigated the effect of early injection on diesel soot particle characteristics, showing that as early injection advanced, primary particle size increased with more disordered nanostructure and lower graphitization degree. Results also indicated relatively more organic carbon (OC) and higher oxidation reactivity in the produced soot particles with advanced early injection.
Article
Thermodynamics
Roberto Berlini Rodrigues da Costa, L. F. A. Roque, T. A. Z. de Souza, C. J. R. Coronado, G. M. Pinto, A. J. A. Cintra, O. O. Raats, B. M. Oliveira, G. V. Frez, M. H. da Silva
Summary: This study assesses the use of green diesel fuels with and without bioethanol in dual-fuel mode and compares it to Brazilian commercial diesel. The results show that renewable diesel can reduce emissions and has lower thermal efficiency.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Zibin Yin, Shuqiang Liu, Dongli Tan, Zhiqing Zhang, Zihe Wang, Bo Wang
Summary: This paper reviews previous soot models and summarizes the most popular phenomenological models in recent years. Furthermore, it also summarizes the application of existing models in turbulent flame and diesel engine development, as well as the progress in carbon soot modeling for biodiesel, natural gas, and other new fuels.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Cengizhan Cengiz, Salih Ozen Unverdi
Summary: In this study, the combustion characteristics and emissions of a heavy-duty direct injection diesel engine under early intake valve closing strategy are evaluated. The results show that the strategy can improve combustion efficiency, reduce fuel consumption and NOx emissions. However, it also leads to increased CO emissions when used with EGR.
Review
Thermodynamics
Y. Datta Bharadwaz, A. Swarna Kumari
Summary: Low-temperature combustion in diesel engines, specifically premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI), has gained attention due to its ability to meet emission standards without compromising performance. This review discusses the role of low-carbon oxygen-rich fuels in PCCI combustion and explores various strategies and factors affecting combustion efficiency. Challenges and potential advancements in PCCI technology, including the use of alternative fuels, are also addressed.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Zhong-wei Meng, Jian Li, Qian Zhang, Jun-feng Huang, Yuan Jiang, Yuan Qin, G. G. Chase, Jia Fang
Summary: The effects of thermal ageing on diesel soot depend on ageing temperature, time, and oxygen concentration. As these factors increase, the activation energy also increases, leading to enhanced stability of the soot structure.
JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xue Dong, Huiquan Duan, Ming Jia, Shaohua Wu, Yachao Chang
Summary: This study developed a practical soot model to describe the soot behaviors of diesel surrogate and oxygenated fuels. The fuel molecular structures were used to emphasize their influence on soot behaviors. The soot particle dynamics were described by directly solving the moment transport equations. The model successfully predicted the soot fraction and density for various fuels without parameter tuning.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mariam Nasser Al Shebli, Abhijeet Raj, Mirella Elkadi, Dalaver Anjum, Gerardo D. J. Pena, Azhagapillai Prabhu
Summary: Blending gasoline with oxygenated aromatics can reduce soot emission and improve the properties of soot particles.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kai Zhang, Yishu Xu, Yu Li, Yang Liu, Bowen Wang, Huakun Wang, Jingjing Ma, Xiaobei Cheng
Summary: The morphological characteristics and nanostructure of soot particles in pure n-heptane and n-heptane/ammonia co-flow diffusion flames were analyzed and compared. It was found that the addition of ammonia resulted in a decrease in the size of primary soot particles and soot aggregates, and a lower fractal dimension of soot aggregates. The introduction of ammonia also led to a more disordered microcrystal structure and higher oxidation reactivity of soot particles.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ripudaman Singh, Taehoon Han, Mohammad Fatouraie, Andrew Mansfield, Margaret Wooldridge, Andre Boehman
Summary: A study was conducted on the effects of a wide range of fuel injection strategies on thermal efficiency and engine-out emissions for gasoline and ethanol fuel blends. Combining ethanol blends with a multiple injection strategy led to significant improvements in engine-out particulate and gaseous emissions while maintaining or slightly improving engine brake thermal efficiency. The research proposed a parameter for characterizing multiple injection strategies, including the effects of the number of injections, fuel mass in each injection, and the dwell time between injections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Andre L. Boehman, Jon Luecke, Lisa Fouts, Matthew Ratcliff, Bradley T. Zigler, Robert L. McCormick
Summary: This study investigates the impacts of biofuel and aromatic compounds on ignition delay in a four component fuel blend at fixed RON values. Results show that as aromatic and biofuel concentrations increase, two stage ignition behavior is suppressed. Different biofuel types in the mixture can significantly affect ignition delay at low chamber temperatures.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kwang Hee Yoo, Alexander K. Voice, Andre L. Boehman
Summary: This study explores the effects of intermediate temperature heat release (ITHR) on the autoignition reactivity of full boiling range gasolines with different octane sensitivity in a HCCI engine. It was found that ITHR significantly affects fuel autoignition reactivity and determines octane sensitivity. The amount of ITHR increased as intake temperature and oxygen mole fraction increased, with different fuels showing distinct reactivity trends based on octane sensitivity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shiliang Wu, Dongil Kang, Rui Xiao, Andre L. Boehman
Summary: Bio-based alternative fuels are gaining attention due to concerns about fossil reserves depletion and environmental deterioration. This study investigates the autoignition characteristics of two alternative fuels, farnesane and TPGME, and compares them with full-boiling range fuels with similar cetane number. The results show that farnesane has stronger ignition reactivity than HRJ8, while TPGME exhibits greater low-temperature oxidation reactivity compared to n-heptane.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
A. Mansfield, A. Boehman, D. Gorsich
Summary: Interest in alternative energy carriers for military transportation applications led to investigation of electric hybrid energy carrier systems, with databases constructed to quantify various energy carriers and assess their use in military vehicles. Results show that despite advancements, significant powertrain mass and stored volume penalties remain for implementation of alternative energy carriers in military vehicles.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Taemin Kim, Andre L. Boehman
Summary: This study measured and compared the bulk modulus and speed of sound of different jet fuels, revealing that petroleum-based jet fuels have lower bulk modulus compared to petroleum-based diesel fuel, while alternative jet fuels have even lower bulk modulus. This difference may result in unintended retardation of actual fuel injection timing when using jet fuels in compression-ignition engines without adjusting the nominal fuel injection timing.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jonathan Martin, Andre Boehman
Summary: Compression-ignition (CI) engines can increase thermal efficiency and reduce NOx and/or soot emissions through the use of dual-fuel combustion modes. Different modes can be used at various loads to optimize emissions performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Taemin Kim, Andre L. Boehman
Summary: A life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions assessment was conducted on a novel, stable DME-glycerol blend, showing that using high-purity crude glycerol for purification and producing DME from animal manure led to the lowest GHG emissions. For fossil-based DME scenarios, pump-to-wheels combustion was the biggest GHG emitting process, while crude glycerol production was the biggest emitter for renewable DME cases. Adopting regenerative farming methods, using less carbon-intensive hydrogen for PG production, and optimizing material and thermal energy utilization are suggested to further reduce GHG emissions for the Michigan DME blend II.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Vassilis Triantopoulos, Stanislav Bohac, Jeff Sterniak, George Lavoie, Andre L. Boehman, Dennis N. Assanis, Jason B. Martz
Summary: This paper presents an experimental investigation of the cyclic variability in stoichiometric spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI) combustion under exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) dilute conditions. The study focuses on maintaining optimal thermal efficiency while examining the variability in combustion phasing, and finds a correlation between the variability in combustion phasing and the flame-based heat release fraction.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Erick Garcia, Vassilis Triantopoulos, Joseph Trzaska, Maxwell Taylor, Jian Li, Andre L. Boehman
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the impact of extreme Miller cycle strategies paired with high intake manifold pressures on the combustion process, emissions, and thermal efficiency of heavy-duty diesel engines. The results show that LIVC strategies improve fuel consumption but increase cylinder pressures, engine-out NOx emissions, and reduce exhaust temperatures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Min Zhu, Mario Medina, Romesh Nalliah, Viyan Kadhium, Eric Bell, Taehoon Han, Andre Boehman, Jesse Capecelatro, Margaret Wooldridge
Summary: This article presents the characteristics and mitigation strategies of aerosols generated during dental care procedures. The study found that barriers are the most effective mitigation strategy, while other methods have limitations and risks. By utilizing these findings, dental offices can regain pre-pandemic productivity.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Taehoon Han, Andre L. Boehman
Summary: Water injection has been proven to be effective in reducing nitrogen oxide emissions and improving fuel conversion efficiency in turbocharged spark ignition engines. However, it also leads to increased particulate matter and unburned hydrocarbon emissions. This study utilized multiple fuel injection strategies to solve these problems and found that the drawbacks of water injection were significantly improved. The relative thermal efficiency improvement and nitrogen oxide emission reduction were maximized with the combined injection strategy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Taemin Kim, Andre L. Boehman
Summary: This study focuses on improving the viscosity of dimethyl ether to the level of No. 2 diesel fuel through glycerol blending. Effective co-solvents, propylene glycol and di-propylene glycol, are selected to form two final dimethyl ether blends. The kinematic viscosity of the blends is successfully improved, and a preliminary engine demonstration result is presented.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Rinav Pillai, Vassilis Triantopoulos, Albert S. Berahas, Matthew Brusstar, Ruonan Sun, Tim Nevius, Andre L. Boehman
Summary: As emissions regulations become stricter, it is increasingly important to develop accurate NOx emissions models for heavy-duty vehicles. This study proposes a data-driven approach, using Deep Neural Networks, to predict NOx emissions with high accuracy. The results show that the proposed approach can be very effective in accurately predicting NOx emissions and detecting faults in the Selective Catalytic Reduction systems.
FRONTIERS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING-SWITZERLAND
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.