Review
Microbiology
Ruxandra Ilinca Stilpeanu, Ana Maria Stercu, Andreea Lucia Stancu, Antoanela Tanca, Octavian Bucur
Summary: In the past 2 years, the world has experienced the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a significant impact on various aspects of society. Recently, the emergence of monkeypox virus infections and the increase in cases have caused panic and fear due to its similarities to the eradicated smallpox virus and the potential for another global pandemic. However, knowledge gained from studying smallpox and the lessons learned from COVID-19 are valuable tools for preventing major outbreaks of the monkeypox virus and averting another pandemic.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kirk Chan-Tack, Patrick Harrington, Timothy Bensman, Su-Young Choi, Eric Donaldson, Julian O'Rear, David McMillan, Laine Myers, Mark Seaton, Hanan Ghantous, Yu Cao, Thamban Valappil, Debra Birnkrant, Kimberly Struble
Summary: This article summarizes the regulatory pathway for FDA approval of brincidofovir as the second antiviral approved via the MCMi to combat smallpox, highlighting the unique regulatory approach based on the FDA Animal Rule and the collaborative efforts of academic investigators, the pharmaceutical industry and government agencies in the development process.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yuan-Pin Hung, Ching-Chi Lee, Jen-Chieh Lee, Chun-Wei Chiu, Po-Ren Hsueh, Wen-Chien Ko
Summary: Monkeypox virus is genetically closely linked to smallpox virus and has caused outbreaks in areas outside Africa; to prepare for the increase of cases in Europe and North America, vaccines are available for high-risk individuals instead of universal vaccination; medications that can inhibit virus activity are suggested for immunocompromised individuals at risk of severe diseases.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Matthew W. McCarthy
Summary: Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis that has recently caused a global outbreak. The World Health Organization has declared it a public health emergency of international concern. There is currently no specific treatment, but therapeutics developed to combat smallpox may be effective against monkeypox.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Erik De Clercq, Yike Jiang, Guangdi Li
Summary: Therapeutic and vaccine development for human poxvirus infections have been neglected since the eradication of smallpox in 1980. However, a recent outbreak of monkeypox has highlighted the urgent need for effective antiviral agents and vaccines. This review discusses potential therapeutic options and strategies for managing human poxvirus infections worldwide, including tecovirimat, brincidofovir, cidofovir, vaccines, and intravenous vaccinia immune globulin.
TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Wilfredo R. Matias, Jacob M. Koshy, Ellen H. Nagami, Victor Kovac, Letumile R. Moeng, Erica S. Shenoy, David C. Hooper, Lawrence C. Madoff, Miriam B. Barshak, Jennifer A. Johnson, Christopher F. Rowley, Boris Julg, Elizabeth L. Hohmann, Jacob E. Lazarus
Summary: Three patients with monkeypox were treated with tecovirimat, a pan-Orthopoxvirus inhibitor, and the results showed the potential efficacy of this drug in treating monkeypox.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Reed F. Johnson, Lauren A. Keith, Timothy K. Cooper, Srikanth Yellayi, Nicole M. Josleyn, Krisztina B. Janosko, James D. Pettitt, David Thomasson, Katie R. Hagen, Robin Gross, John G. Bernbaum, Debbie Douglas, Jeffrey Solomon, Mark Martinez, Kurt Cooper, Marisa St. Claire, Danny R. Ragland, Peter B. Jahrling, Jens H. Kuhn, Andrew E. Arai
Summary: The experiment results showed the presence of acute late-stage myocarditis with lymphohistiocytic infiltrates in the cowpox virus model of hemorrhagic smallpox.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Andrea K. Thet, Paul J. Kelly, Sabirah N. Kasule, Anish K. Shah, Arpan Chawala, Amber Latif, Sridhar S. Chilimuri, Cosmina B. Zeana
Summary: We present a case of progressive, severe monkeypox virus infection in an AIDS patient, who showed significant improvement after receiving vaccinia immune globulin intravenous. This highlights the use of vaccinia immune globulin intravenous as an adjunct therapy for severe disease in immunocompromised hosts.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Oriol Mitja, Dimie Ogoina, Boghuma K. Titanji, Cristina Galvan, Jean-Jacques Muyembe, Michael Marks, Chloe M. Orkin
Summary: Monkeypox is a zoonotic illness caused by the monkeypox virus, mainly found in west and central Africa. In 2022, it became a Public Health Emergency of International Concern due to its unprecedented global spread outside Africa. The disease primarily spreads through close intimate contact, with most cases diagnosed among men who have sex with men.
Review
Immunology
Fok-Moon Lum, Anthony Torres-Ruesta, Matthew Z. Tay, Raymond T. P. Lin, David C. Lye, Laurent Renia, Lisa F. P. Ng
Summary: In this review, the clinical, epidemiological, and immunological aspects of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections are examined, with a focus on host immunity mechanisms. The unique epidemiological and pathological characteristics of the current non-endemic outbreak of the virus are also considered, along with vaccines, therapeutics, and outstanding research questions.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhilong Yang, Mark Gray, Lake Winter
Summary: Poxviruses are still significant public health concerns and serious endemic diseases despite the eradication of smallpox. They have shaped modern medicine, provided insights into complex life processes, and are utilized in biotechniques and fighting other infectious diseases and cancers. Continued strong support for poxvirus research is crucial for expanding fundamental biological knowledge and battling diverse diseases.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Clint N. Morgan, Florence Whitehill, Jeffrey B. Doty, Joann Schulte, Audrey Matheny, Joey Stringer, Lisa J. Delaney, Richard Esparza, Agam K. Rao, Andrea M. McCollum
Summary: This study conducted environmental sampling at the residence of a person with travel-associated human West African monkeypox virus. The results showed extensive contamination of MPXV-WA DNA and viable virus on different surfaces. Porous surfaces appeared to pose a higher risk of exposure to MPXV compared to nonporous surfaces, but the potential for indirect transmission was limited.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Steven Carrubba, Alexi Geevarghese, Elena Solli, Samyuktha Guttha, Jeffrey Sims, Laurence Sperber, Shane Meehan, Ann Ostrovsky
Summary: WHO has declared human monkeypox a global public health emergency since July 2022. This study reports severe eye and skin manifestations of monkeypox in immunocompromised patients, which can be life-threatening. The authors propose that monkeypox virus can spread through direct intradermal transmission, similar to progressive vaccinia.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Pradip Dashraath, Karin Nielsen-Saines, Anne Rimoin, Citra N. Z. Mattar, Alice Panchaud, David Baud
Summary: This article discusses the 2022 monkeypox outbreak and its impact on pregnant women and fetuses. It provides guidelines and strategies for maternity units to protect the health of pregnant women and fetuses exposed to the monkeypox virus. The article also explores the clinical features, obstetrical implications, and potential treatments for monkeypox infection.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Kay Choong See
Summary: Monkeypox virus infection in humans is a global public health concern, with over 3000 reported cases in more than 50 countries. Adults generally have mild disease, while poorer outcomes are observed in children, immunocompromised patients, and pregnant women. The risk-benefit profile of monkeypox-specific treatments is unclear, but two effective vaccines exist for prevention. Vaccination is likely to be a key strategy for mitigating the spread of monkeypox, with priority given to healthcare workers, immunocompromised patients, and children.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Andrew T. Russo, Robert D. Malmstrom, Mark A. White, Stanley J. Watowich
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING
(2010)
Article
Immunology
Andrew T. Russo, Aklile Berhanu, Catherine B. Bigger, Jon Prigge, Peter M. Silvera, Douglas W. Grosenbach, Dennis Hruby
Article
Infectious Diseases
Andrew T. Russo, Douglas W. Grosenbach, Kady M. Honeychurch, Paul G. G. Long, Dennis E. E. Hruby
Summary: Tecovirimat oral capsule formulation is approved in the US and Canada for smallpox treatment, and in the UK and EU for multiple human orthopoxvirus diseases. The global outbreak of mpox has highlighted the need for an effective and safe antiviral treatment. Ongoing trials may provide evidence supporting the use of tecovirimat for mpox treatment.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew T. Russo, Mark A. White, Stanley J. Watowich
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Andrew T. Russo, Stanley J. Watowich
ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2006)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
AT Russo, J Rösgen, DW Bolen
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2003)