Review
Oncology
Piotr Kulig, Slawomir Milczarek, Estera Bakinowska, Laura Szalewska, Bartlomiej Baumert, Boguslaw Machalinski
Summary: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy and the prognosis has significantly improved with the development of novel treatment regimens. Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) have been a milestone in MM therapy, but the majority of patients eventually become resistant to these drugs. This review focuses on LEN resistance mechanisms and strategies for treating LEN-refractory disease.
Article
Plant Sciences
Meng Cai, Jianqiang Miao, Fengping Chen, Botao Li, Xili Liu
Summary: The study found mutants of Magnaporthe oryzae resistant to epoxiconazole, showing reduced growth rate, sporulation, and aggressiveness compared to parental isolates. There was cross-resistance between epoxiconazole and prochloraz or difenoconazole. The resistance factor for mutants was positively correlated with the relative expression of MoCYP51A and two amino acid substitutions were found in resistant mutants.
Review
Oncology
Hanqun Zhang, Xiaohu Wang, Yan Ma, Qiuning Zhang, Ruifeng Liu, Hongtao Luo, Zi Wang
Summary: Radiotherapy is an important treatment for cervical cancer, but sometimes the disease relapses shortly after treatment due to inherent radiation resistance. The specific mechanism of radiotherapy resistance in cervical cancer is still not fully understood, despite extensive research in the past few decades.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Mohamed Reda El Khili, Safyan Aman Memon, Amin Emad
Summary: Combination therapies have become a strategy for cancer treatment to reduce drug resistance and improve outcomes. However, due to the sparse data in existing databases, transductive computational models are needed to accurately predict missing values.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David Burr, Maria Concetta Morrone
Summary: Eye movements can cause rapid motion of the retinal image, which may be confused with external motion. A recent study found that neurons in the mouse primary visual cortex can distinguish self-generated motion from external motion by combining sensory input with saccade-related signals from the thalamic pulvinar nucleus.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rui He, Ye Yang, Zhizhong Hu, Ru Xue, Yajuan Hu
Summary: The study found that pyraclostrobin-resistant phenotypes exhibit high fitness and high risk, with identical nucleotide sequences among all resistant and sensitive isolates. Resistance was not caused by alterations in the Cytb gene, suggesting the presence of other resistance mechanisms. Differential responses in enzyme activity and cell membrane permeability between resistant and sensitive isolates indicate a mechanism of metabolic resistance.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Roberto Bizzotto, Domenico Trico, Andrea Natali, Amalia Gastaldelli, Elza Muscelli, Ralph A. De Fronzo, Silva Arslanian, Ele Ferrannini, Andrea Mari
Summary: The study found that insulin sensitivity is the strongest determinant of EICISR, being approximately four times more influential than insulin resistance-related hypersecretion. EICISR is positively associated with factors such as M/I, fasting and mean OGTT glucose, and beta-cell glucose sensitivity, while negatively associated with African American or Hispanic race, female sex, and female age. Oral glucose ingestion reduces insulin clearance, and there are two adaptive processes involving insulin clearance that are dysregulated in type 2 diabetes.
Editorial Material
Hematology
Lukas P. Frenzel
Summary: The study found that PI3K inhibitors can increase the sensitivity of RS patient samples to BCL2 inhibitors by regulating the expression of antiapoptotic molecules through GSK3 beta, providing a rationale for a novel drug combination to treat patients with CLL and RS.
Review
Plant Sciences
Jinyi Chen, Qin Yu, Eric Patterson, Chad Sayer, Stephen Powles
Summary: Dinitroanilines are microtubule inhibitors that have been used as pre-emergence herbicides for weed control, showing both target-site resistance (TSR) and non-target-site resistance (NTSR) in some weedy plant species. Resistance evolution to dinitroanilines is relatively slow, and different resistance mutations may affect plant growth.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Elizabeth M. Darby, Eleftheria Trampari, Pauline Siasat, Maria Solsona Gaya, Ilyas Alav, Mark A. Webber, Jessica M. A. Blair
Summary: Antibiotic resistance is a global health emergency, and understanding the molecular mechanisms that bacteria use to resist antimicrobials is critical. Recent advances in research can aid in developing new antimicrobial therapies.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nils B. Kroemer
Summary: As most studies have mainly focused on the effects of insulin in the brain on men, there is limited understanding of metabolic changes during the menstrual cycle in women. Hummel et al. found that insulin sensitivity is reduced during the luteal phase through intranasal insulin administration and functional MRI.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yanfen Wang, Ninghai Lu, Kuaikuai Wang, Yinna Li, Mengli Zhang, Shuang Liu, Yanling Li, Feng Zhou
Summary: The necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a destructive plant pathogen with a wide range of hosts. Fluxapyroxad, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, exhibited strong inhibitory effect against S. sclerotiorum. Resistance to fluxapyroxad was found to come at a certain fitness cost for the pathogen.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Huihan Wang, Hua Shi, Xiaowei He, Aijun Liao
Summary: This study investigated resistance mechanisms in myeloma immunotherapy, and found that decreased expression of CCL20 may increase sensitivity to lenalidomide and Elotuzumab.
ONCOTARGETS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Chunli Sun, Yunsong Yu, Xiaoting Hua
Summary: Acinetobacter baumannii is a common pathogen causing various infectious diseases and has a high drug resistance rate, severely limiting antibiotic treatment options. Tigecycline and polymyxins are considered the last line of defense against multidrug resistant A. baumannii. This review focuses on the mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in A. baumannii and highlights the need for further investigation and development of new antibiotics.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Ishani Wickramage, Patrizia Spigaglia, Xingmin Sun
Summary: Clostridioides difficile (CD) is a major concern as one of the top five antibiotic resistance threats in the USA, with a global increase in multidrug resistance and emergence of more virulent strains. Understanding the evolving antibiotic resistance mechanisms of CD is crucial for guiding antibiotic stewardship policies and developing new therapeutic targets. Epidemiological surveillance and strain-specific characteristics are key in combating the spread of resistance genes among different CD strains.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
