Online electrochemical behavior analysis on the negative plate of lead-acid batteries during the high-rate partial-state-of-charge cycle

Transient electrochemical behavior study on the negative plate during the high-rate partial-state-of-charge (HRPSoC) cycle is of significance yet challenging to understand the health management and failure diagnosis of lead-acid batteries. Herein, we demonstrate a non-destructive monitoring method based on the charging-discharging curves and online electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) of the negative plate during the HRPSoC cycle. These investigations show that the potential change in the charging period (Delta V-charge) and some EIS parameters can be used to evaluate the health status of lead-acid batteries during the HRPSoC cycle. Generally, low Delta V-charge, large plate capacitance, and small plate resistance indicate a low polarization degree, a slow growth rate of PbSO4 crystals, slight H-2 evolution on the negative plate, and therefore, a health battery state. These investigations introduce an online technique to evaluate the electrochemical behaviors and monitor the health state of lead-acid batteries, which may provide some valuable supports for the health management and performance improvement of lead-acid batteries. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.