Journal
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Volume 200, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110724
Keywords
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Multidrug-resistant (MDR); Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec); Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR); Subtropical river basin
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan [MOST 107-2116-M-194-005]
- Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan, R.O.C. [MOHW105-CDC-C-114-112601, 106-CDC-C-114-122601]
- Cheng Hsin General Hospital [CHGH106-04, CHGH107-2]
- Show Chwan Memorial Hospital [RD107023]
- Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital [108-wf-swf-10]
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation [TCRD107-39, TCMF-MP108-01-03]
- Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS) from The Featured Areas Research Center Program
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major threat to public health that causes infections inhospitals, communities, and animal husbandry. Livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) is defined as MRSA possessing staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) IV or V, both of which lacks the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene but has variable combinations of antimicrobial susceptibility. This study focused on Taiwan's subtropical river basin and the Puzih River, which converges from tributaries flowing through downtown and animal husbandry areas. MRSA was detected at a rate of 7.8% in the tributaries, which was higher than downstream (2.1%). The ratio of multidrug-resistant (MDR) MRSA (n = 30) to total MRSA isolates (n = 39) was 0.769, and most of the MDR MRSA isolates (66.7%, 20/30) exhibited resistance to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline. The number of MDR MRSA isolates in the tributaries was also higher than the downstream regions of the Puzih River. The majority of MRSA isolates (64.1%) observed in this study possessed SCCmec type IV without PVL, which is typical for LA-MRSA. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) typing aided the discrimination of resistance patterns among SCCmec types.
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