Article
Immunology
Daniel Alfandari, Hila Ben Ami Pilo, Paula Abou Karam, Osnat Dagan, Carine Joubran, Ron Rotkopf, Neta Regev-Rudzki, Ziv Porat
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in cell-cell communication processes and are especially important for pathogens like malaria parasites. Monitoring the uptake of malaria-derived EVs by host cells using imaging flow cytometry has been demonstrated. By staining the RNA cargo and monitoring its distribution, the kinetics of cargo delivery and distribution parameters can be evaluated.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Cherrie D. Sherman, Shweta Lodha, Susmita Sahoo
Summary: EVs, actively secreted by cells, play a significant role in intercellular communication and have therapeutic potential. They can transfer bioactive molecules to maintain cellular homeostasis, diagnose diseases, and treat disease progression. Understanding EV cargo sorting mechanisms and designing therapeutic delivery systems are crucial for utilizing EVs in treating cardiovascular disease.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Keerthanaa Balasubramanian Shanthi, Daniel Fischer, Abhishek Sharma, Antti Kiviniemi, Mika Kaakinen, Seppo J. Vainio, Genevieve Bart
Summary: This study analyzed human astrocyte extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their RNA cargo, and found that EVs can regulate neurons by transferring RNA. The size of EVs ranged from 50 to 200 nm, with CD81 as the main surface marker. Comparison of RNA between cells and EVs revealed the enrichment of specific RNA in EVs. Enrichment analysis of miRNAs suggested that they are candidates for mediating the effects of EVs on recipient cells.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Paulina Pei Suu Tan, Deborah Hall, William M. Chilian, Yook Chin Chia, Shamsul Mohd Zain, Hooi Min Lim, Devaraj Navin Kumar, Siew Mooi Ching, Teck Yew Low, Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh, Yuh-Fen Pung
Summary: MicroRNAs are small regulatory molecules involved in posttranscriptional modifications, which can be transported by exosomes and other carriers to body fluids, potentially serving as noninvasive disease biomarkers. In the study of hypertension, exosomal miRNAs play essential roles in its development.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rikke W. Rasmussen, Jaco Botha, Frederik Prip, Mathilde Sanden, Morten H. Nielsen, Aase Handberg
Summary: This study investigated the extent of aggregates in commonly used labels for hFCM and compared the efficacy of centrifugation and filtering treatments. Filtering was found to be the most efficient method for removing aggregates, but the remaining amount depended on the specific labels and their combination.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuki Kawai-Harada, Hanine El Itawi, Hiroaki Komuro, Masako Harada
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as mediators of intercellular communication by transporting molecules between cells, and have potential clinical applications in diagnostics and therapeutics. However, standardized storage conditions for EVs are lacking, leading to challenges in clinical applications and potential misinterpretation of findings. This study aims to optimize the storage conditions of EVs and characterize them under different experimental conditions and models, reporting a highly efficient EV storage buffer that can protect their molecular cargo.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Rafaela F. Amatuzzi, Daniel Zamith-Miranda, Isadora F. Munhoz da Rocha, Aline C. R. Lucena, Sharon de Toledo Martins, Rodrigo Streit, Charley C. Staats, Gabriel Trentin, Fausto Almeida, Marcio L. Rodrigues, Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Lysangela R. Alves
Summary: Antifungal resistance is increasing, with Candida auris being highly resistant to antifungal drugs. This study found that treatment with caspofungin led to increased production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in C. auris and altered the content of RNA and proteins enclosed in the EVs. The ability of C. auris to change the composition of EVs may contribute to its ability to evade antifungal treatment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Riccardo Vago, Giorgia Radano, Davide Zocco, Natasa Zarovni
Summary: Urine is an ideal source of non-invasive diagnostic markers, however, issues such as urine concentration variability and biases introduced in urine EV analysis restrict its full potential. This study evaluated methods to decrease biases and found that appropriate urine storage, optimal single-step EV purification method, and normalization method can enable accurate analysis of urine EV RNA.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Chaoxiang Chen, Mengdi Sun, Jialin Wang, Liyun Su, Junjie Lin, Xiaomei Yan
Summary: Extracellular vesicles have unique advantages as nanocarriers for drug delivery, but their cargo encapsulation efficiency is often below expectations, especially for hydrophilic chemotherapeutic drugs. This study introduced a new method named SEAL, which significantly enhances drug encapsulation efficiency of EVs, and single-particle analysis techniques were used to uncover the encapsulation heterogeneity of EVs.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yeongchang Goh, Jongwoo Kim, Hye Sun Park, Taeyoung Jung, Kwan Soo Hong, Sang Hwan Nam, Yung Doug Suh, Kang Taek Lee
Summary: Cell-cell communication is crucial for cellular differentiation, organ function, and immune responses. This study demonstrates the use of dual-colour imaging with upconverting nanoparticles to visualize the intercellular transport of cargo molecules, and shows that extracellular vesicles can be transmitted along with fluorescently labelled proteins.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mara D. Saenz-de-Juano, Giulia Silvestrelli, Susanne E. Ulbrich
Summary: The concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo in milk fluctuates throughout the day, while other milk components change during milking sessions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Alexander Cocks, Verena Martinez-Rodriguez, Filippo Del Vecchio, Monique Schukking, Elisabetta Broseghini, Stefanos Giannakopoulos, Muller Fabbri
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in various aspects of cancer biology, with RNA serving as a key mediator of EV function. Cells do not randomly load RNA into EVs, and the intercellular transmission and mechanisms of action of EV-RNA demonstrate the complexity of EVs.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Andrea Ridolfi, Laura Conti, Marco Brucale, Roberto Frigerio, Jacopo Cardellini, Angelo Musico, Miriam Romano, Andrea Zendrini, Laura Polito, Greta Bergamaschi, Alessandro Gori, Costanza Montis, Stefano Panella, Lucio Barile, Debora Berti, Annalisa Radeghieri, Paolo Bergese, Marina Cretich, Francesco Valle
Summary: The overlapping physicochemical properties of lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles pose challenges in isolating and characterizing these biogenic lipid nanoparticles. This study presents a rapid nanomechanical screening method using atomic force microscopy to determine the diameter and stiffness of individual nanometric objects in mixed lipoprotein and extracellular vesicle samples. The method enables discrimination of co-isolated vesicles and lipoproteins based on their specific nanomechanical readouts and provides insights into the relationship between mechanical behavior and structural features. The approach is label-free and can be used to assess the purity of lipoprotein and extracellular vesicle isolates efficiently.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fabian Kern, Thomas Kuhn, Nicole Ludwig, Martin Simon, Laura Groeger, Natalie Fabis, Ernesto Aparicio-Puerta, Abdulrahman Salhab, Tobias Fehlmann, Oliver Hahn, Annika Engel, Viktoria Wagner, Marcus Koch, Katarzyna Winek, Hermona Soreq, Irina Nazarenko, Gregor Fuhrmann, Tony Wyss-Coray, Eckart Meese, Verena Keller, Matthias W. Laschke, Andreas Keller
Summary: Previous studies have shown that RNA molecules exhibit global and tissue-specific ageing patterns in both murine models and humans. In this study, we focused on extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are membrane vesicles that mediate the transfer of genetic information between tissues. We sequenced small regulatory RNAs (sncRNAs) in two fractions of mouse plasma at different time points, and observed unique ageing patterns in different sncRNA classes between the free-circulating (fc-RNA) and EV-bound (EV-RNA) fractions. Furthermore, we found that miR-29 family in adipose tissues, particularly in the EV-RNA fraction, was strongly associated with ageing.
Article
Cell Biology
Andrea Ridolfi, Laura Conti, Marco Brucale, Roberto Frigerio, Jacopo Cardellini, Angelo Musico, Miriam Romano, Andrea Zendrini, Laura Polito, Greta Bergamaschi, Alessandro Gori, Costanza Montis, Stefano Panella, Lucio Barile, Debora Berti, Annalisa Radeghieri, Paolo Bergese, Marina Cretich, Francesco Valle
Summary: This study presents a rapid nanomechanical screening method based on atomic force microscopy to determine the diameter and mechanical stiffness of lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles. The method allows for the discrimination and estimation of their relative abundance in mixed samples, providing a useful tool for assessing the purity of isolates.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jordana B. Cohen, Debbie L. Cohen, Daniel S. Herman, John T. Leppert, James Brian Byrd, Vivek Bhalla
Summary: The study found that testing rates for primary aldosteronism were low among U.S. Veterans, but those who were tested were more likely to receive evidence-based treatment and achieve better blood pressure control over time.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bertram Pitt, James Brian Byrd
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Jordana B. Cohen, Thomas C. Hanff, Preethi William, Nancy Sweitzer, Nelson R. Rosado-Santander, Carola Medina, Juan E. Rodriguez-Mori, Nicolas Renna, Tara Chang, Vicente Corrales-Medina, Jaime F. Andrade-Villanueva, Alejandro Barbagelata, Roberto Cristodulo-Cortez, Omar A. Diaz-Cucho, Jonas Spaak, Carlos E. Alfonso, Renzo Valdivia-Vega, Mirko Villavicencio-Carranza, Ricardo J. Ayala-Garcia, Carlos A. Castro-Callirgos, Luz A. Gonzalez-Hernandez, Eduardo F. Bernales-Salas, Johanna C. Coacalla-Guerra, Cynthia D. Salinas-Herrera, Liliana Nicolosi, Mauro Basconcel, James B. Byrd, Tiffany Sharkoski, Luis E. Bendezu-Huasasquiche, Jesse Chittams, Daniel L. Edmonston, Charles R. Vasquez, Julio A. Chirinos
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of continuing versus discontinuing renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Results showed that continuing these medications had no significant effects compared to discontinuation in patients with COVID-19.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Ronan Lordan, Halie M. Rando, Casey S. Greene
Summary: This review critically evaluates the evidence surrounding the potential prophylactic and therapeutic value of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals for COVID-19. While nutritional status plays a significant role in patient outcomes and certain products like vitamin D may hold promise, further research is necessary to formulate evidence-based recommendations. Sales of these products have surged during the pandemic, but more research is needed to determine their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dominik Buschmann, Veronika Mussack, James Brian Byrd
Summary: EVs are membrane nanovesicles secreted from living cells which have potential therapeutic activity and are being explored as drug delivery vehicles in preclinical investigations and early clinical trials. However, progress in EV-based drug delivery is hindered by heterogeneity of sample types and methods, as well as a persistent lack of standardization, validation, and comprehensive reporting.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Michael Powell, Allison Koenecke, James Brian Byrd, Akihiko Nishimura, Maximilian F. Konig, Ruoxuan Xiong, Sadiqa Mahmood, Vera Mucaj, Chetan Bettegowda, Liam Rose, Suzanne Tamang, Adam Sacarny, Brian Caffo, Susan Athey, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Joshua T. Vogelstein
Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of carefully evaluating pharmaceutical treatment hypotheses and the methods for analyzing observational data. Expert contributions from various fields such as epidemiology, causal analysis, and medical specialties are crucial for proper analysis. When executed correctly, these rules can guide decisions on whether to proceed with a randomized controlled trial.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jason E. Goldstick, Gery P. Guy, Jan L. Losby, Grant Baldwin, Matthew Myers, Amy S. B. Bohnert
Summary: This study found that patients who were opioid naive continued to initiate opioid therapy after the release of CDC opioid prescribing guidelines, but trends in prescribing duration reversed and decreased. High-dose prescribing rates were already decreasing, but those trends reversed and decreased further after the release of the guidelines.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tellen D. Bennett, Richard A. Moffitt, Janos G. Hajagos, Benjamin Amor, Adit Anand, Mark M. Bissell, Katie Rebecca Bradwell, Carolyn Bremer, James Brian Byrd, Alina Denham, Peter E. DeWitt, Davera Gabriel, Brian T. Garibaldi, Andrew T. Girvin, Justin Guinney, Elaine L. Hill, Stephanie S. Hong, Hunter Jimenez, Ramakanth Kavuluru, Kristin Kostka, Harold P. Lehmann, Eli Levitt, Sandeep K. Mallipattu, Amin Manna, Julie A. McMurry, Michele Morris, John Muschelli, Andrew J. Neumann, Matvey B. Palchuk, Emily R. Pfaff, Zhenglong Qian, Nabeel Qureshi, Seth Russell, Heidi Spratt, Anita Walden, Andrew E. Williams, Jacob T. Wooldridge, Yun Jae Yoo, Xiaohan Tanner Zhang, Richard L. Zhu, Christopher P. Austin, Joel H. Saltz, Ken R. Gersing, Melissa A. Haendel, Christopher G. Chute
Summary: The study evaluated COVID-19 severity and risk factors in over 1.9 million US adults, finding that machine learning models can accurately predict clinical severity. It also observed a decrease in COVID-19 mortality over time in 2020 and identified associations between patient demographic characteristics and comorbidities with higher clinical severity.
Letter
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Michael E. Johansen, James Brian Byrd
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Adina F. Turcu, Ashwini Mallappa, Aikaterini A. Nella, Xuan Chen, Lili Zhao, Aya T. Nanba, James Brian Byrd, Richard J. Auchus, Deborah P. Merke
Summary: The study compared the dynamic response of steroids in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency to conventional oral glucocorticoids and continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion. The findings suggest that 11-oxyandrogens and PregS could serve as biomarkers for disease control in 21OHD, with the diurnal variability of these novel biomarkers needing consideration.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Halie M. Rando, Adam L. MacLean, Alexandra J. Lee, Ronan Lordan, Sandipan Ray, Vikas Bansal, Ashwin N. Skelly, Elizabeth Sell, John J. Dziak, Lamonica Shinholster, Lucy D'Agostino McGowan, Marouen Ben Guebila, Nils Wellhausen, Sergey Knyazev, Simina M. Boca, Stephen Capone, Yanjun Qi, YoSon Park, David Mai, Yuchen Sun, Joel D. Boerckel, Christian Brueffer, James Brian Byrd, Jeremy P. Kamil, Jinhui Wang, Ryan Velazquez, Gregory L. Szeto, John P. Barton, Rishi Raj Goel, Serghei Mangul, Tiago Lubiana, Anthony Gitter, Casey S. Greene
Summary: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and has since spread globally, infecting millions of people. Research has revealed insights into the virus's behavior in human hosts and the human immune system's response by comparing it to other coronaviruses. Understanding the pathogenesis and immune evasion mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for controlling and treating COVID-19.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yang Wang, Fengwei Zhang, J. Brian Byrd, Hong Yu, Xianwei Ye, Yongqun He
Summary: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global public health disaster. This study used an ontology-based bioinformatics approach to systematically analyze clinical phenotypes and comorbidities in COVID-19 patients during the early stages of the pandemic, aiming to identify new insights and hidden patterns of COVID-19 symptoms. The results revealed differential patterns of symptoms given different locations, time, and comorbidity types, and provided valuable information for future pandemics.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jamie Ngai, Madison Kalter, James Brian Byrd, Rebecca Racz, Yongqun He
Summary: This study evaluated the utility of collecting and analyzing adverse event (AE) data for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) from different sources, and found that the type of disease may affect the type and number of AEs. The methodology developed in this study can be applied to other drugs and indications to identify patient populations vulnerable to AEs.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Uta Erdbrugger, Charles J. Blijdorp, Irene V. Bijnsdorp, Francesc E. Borras, Dylan Burger, Benedetta Bussolati, James Brian Byrd, Aled Clayton, James W. Dear, Juan M. Falcon-Perez, Cristina Grange, Andrew F. Hill, Harry Holthofer, Ewout J. Hoorn, Guido Jenster, Connie R. Jimenez, Kerstin Junker, John Klein, Mark A. Knepper, Erik H. Koritzinsky, James M. Luther, Metka Lenassi, Janne Leivo, Inge Mertens, Luca Musante, Eline Oeyen, Maija Puhka, Martin E. van Royen, Catherine Sanchez, Carolina Soekmadji, Visith Thongboonkerd, Volkert van Steijn, Gerald Verhaegh, Jason P. Webber, Kenneth Witwer, Peter S. T. Yuen, Lei Zheng, Alicia Llorente, Elena S. Martens-Uzunova
Summary: Urine is commonly used for clinical diagnosis and biomedical research, and the discovery of extracellular vesicles (EV) in urine has opened a new scientific field. However, methods for isolating and characterizing urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) need further optimization and standardization to advance scientific research and translation into clinical practice. Recommendations for improved rigor, reproducibility, and interoperability in uEV research are provided to address current challenges and gaps in the field.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mehrdad Saririan, Richard Armstrong, Jon C. George, Bartosz Olechowski, Stephen O'Connor, James Brian Byrd, Andrew R. Chapman
Summary: Some COVID-19 patients may present with signs and symptoms resembling ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, despite having patent coronary arteries upon examination. Further investigation is needed to understand the prevalence and clinical outcomes of this condition.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS
(2021)