Advances of deep learning applications in ground-penetrating radar: A survey

Deep learning has achieved state-of-the-art performance on signal and image processing. Due to the remarkable success, it has been applied in more challenging tasks, such as ground-penetrating radar (GPR) testing in civil engineering. This paper reviews methods involving deep leaning and GPR for civil engineering inspection and provides a classification based on the data types that they exploit. Based on the results of a comparison study, we conclude that methods using A-scan data slightly surpass the models using B- and C-scan data, though C-scan data is maybe the most promising in the further thanks to its complete space information. Two current limitations of deep learning exploiting GPR are its dependence on big data and overconfident decision-making. Therefore, benchmark GPR data sets and cautious deep learning are required. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.