Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mario D. Gaudino, George J. Dangas, Dominick Angiolillo, Jessica Brodt, Joanna Chikwe, Abe DeAnda, Irbaz L. Hameed, Mary Rodgers, Sigrid Y. Sandner, Louise M. Sun, Celina Yong
Summary: Acute postoperative myocardial ischemia (PMI) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication after cardiac surgery. Factors associated with acute PMI may vary by the type of surgical procedure performed. The diagnosis of acute PMI lacks universally accepted criteria and the evidence on its management is limited and of low quality. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial once acute PMI is suspected, with options including conservative strategies, percutaneous coronary intervention, and redo coronary artery bypass grafting. A multidisciplinary group of experts in cardiac surgery, cardiology, anesthesiology, and postoperative care provides clinical guidance based on the existing evidence.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Fernando D. Testai, Philip B. Gorelick, Hugo J. Aparicio, Francesca M. Filbey, Raul Gonzalez, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Miriam Melis, Mariann R. Piano, Tiziana Rubino, Sarah Y. Song
Summary: Marijuana, increasingly popular among young individuals, may have long-term negative effects on cognitive function. Animal models and observational studies in humans suggest that marijuana use can disrupt neurodevelopment and lead to cognitive abnormalities, while also increasing the risk of stroke. This scientific statement emphasizes the potential harm of marijuana on brain health.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Theresa L. Green, Norma D. McNair, Janice L. Hinkle, Sandy Middleton, Elaine T. Miller, Stacy Perrin, Martha Power, Andrew M. Southerland, Debbie Summers
Summary: The statement summarizes best practices for nursing care of adult patients with acute ischemic stroke during hospitalization, highlighting knowledge gaps and the need for continued nurse-led research in patient care.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Johanna M. Ospel, Joanna D. Schaafsma, Thabele M. Leslie-Mazwi, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Negar Asdaghi, Gillian L. Gordon-Perue, Philippe Couillard, Niloufar N. Hadidi, Cheryl Bushnell, Louise D. McCullough, Mayank Goyal
Summary: The role of sex in the pathophysiology and management of acute ischemic stroke, especially in endovascular treatment (EVT), is still largely unknown. Assessing the role of sex and gender is challenging due to their close relationship with patients' cultural, ethnic, and social backgrounds. However, understanding the differences in EVT related to sex and gender is crucial for improving individualized outcomes for both men and women.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Wendy Dusenbury, Claranne Mathiesen, Michelle Whaley, Opeolu Adeoye, Thabele Leslie-Mazwi, Shavonne Williams, Cesar Velasco, Samarth P. Shah, Nicole R. Gonzales, Anne W. Alexandrov
Summary: Stroke center certification has different levels of service in the United States, leading to inconsistencies and challenges in meeting public expectations. Lack of guidance on structural components has also affected the credibility of certification methods. This scientific statement aims to provide structural guidance for hospital stroke centers to improve service development and interprofessional care.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Amre Nouh, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Karen L. Furie, Walter N. Kernan, DaiWai M. Olson, Fernando D. Testai, Mark J. Alberts, Mohammed A. Hussain, Ethan U. Cumbler
Summary: This scientific statement suggests strategies to optimize care for patients who experience an in-hospital stroke. The approach includes establishing hospital systems of care, providing training, standardizing evaluation, addressing treatment barriers, and establishing quality oversight programs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xue Zheng, Yu-jiao Deng, Fu-Gang Han, Jin-Rong Zhou, Li Luo, Jing Chen
Summary: The diameter of the thoracic aorta varies with the cardiac phase, reaching minimum at 95-0% and maximum at 30-35%. Analyzing changes in aortic diameter using cardiac CT could provide a more accurate clinical measurement for predicting aortic disease.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sripal Bangalore, Gregory W. Barsness, George D. Dangas, Morton J. Kern, Sunil V. Rao, Linda Shore-Lesserson, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland
Summary: Cardiac catheterization procedures have evolved rapidly in the past few decades, with some practices emerging based on evidence while others persisting based on beliefs and theoretical concerns. This review aims to highlight common preprocedure, intraprocedure, and postprocedure catheterization laboratory practices where evidence has accumulated to either support or debunk traditionally held practices.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Laurie J. Morrison, Claudio Sandroni, Brian Grunau, Michael Parr, Finlay Macneil, Gavin D. Perkins, Mayuki Aibiki, Eileen Censullo, Steve Lin, Robert W. Neumar, Steven C. Brooks
Summary: Improving rates of organ donation among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is crucial. This scientific statement identifies the opportunities and challenges associated with organ donation in this population and provides strategies to increase donation rates.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Katie N. Dainty, Brianna Colquitt, Farhan Bhanji, Elizabeth A. Hunt, Tiffany Jefkins, Marion Leary, Joseph P. Ornato, Robert A. Swor, Ashish Panchal
Summary: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial for increasing survival rates in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases. However, the percentage of individuals receiving bystander CPR globally is currently low, at only 35% to 40%. This scientific statement aims to summarize the latest evidence on the training, response, and residual impact of witnessing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among lay responders. The statement highlights the importance of addressing barriers to responding, experiences of performing CPR, the use of automated external defibrillators, the impact of dispatcher-assisted CPR, and the potential for psychological consequences after the event. By focusing on the experiences of actual responders, it is possible to develop more context-specific training that addresses factors such as performing CPR on a family member, dispelling myths, and acknowledging the potential for psychological sequelae.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Curtis Benesch, Laurent G. Glance, Colin P. Derdeyn, Lee A. Fleisher, Robert G. Holloway, Steven R. Messe, Christina Mijalski, M. Timothy Nelson, Martha Power, Babu G. Welch
Summary: This scientific statement summarizes the established risk factors, preoperative and intraoperative strategies to reduce the risk of perioperative stroke, and treatment approaches. It focuses on preoperative optimization, intraoperative strategies, and evaluation and treatment of suspected postoperative strokes.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Reena Mehra, Mina K. Chung, Brian Olshansky, Dobromir Dobrev, Chandra L. Jackson, Vaishnavi Kundel, Dominik Linz, Nancy S. Redeker, Susan Redline, Prashanthan Sanders, Virend K. Somers
Summary: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with cardiac arrhythmias and may trigger atrial and ventricular arrhythmic events. SDB treatment reduces atrial fibrillation recurrence, but high-level evidence supporting SDB intervention on rhythm control is lacking. Future scientific research should focus on optimizing SDB screening and predictive metrics, elucidating the influence of sex and background factors on SDB, and conducting rigorous and adequately powered clinical trials.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Walter N. Kernan, Anthony J. Viera, Sandra A. Billinger, Dawn M. Bravata, Susan L. Stark, Scott E. Kasner, Louis Kuritzky, Amytis Towfighi
Summary: Primary care teams play a key role in providing poststroke care, focusing on preventing recurrent stroke, improving function, preventing late complications, and enhancing quality of life. Patient-centered primary care involves establishing a foundation for poststroke management, screening for complications, and ensuring ongoing support for patients with functional impairments. Effective management of risk factors and lifestyle modifications are crucial in reducing the risk of recurrent stroke and optimizing outcomes in poststroke care.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nada El Husseini, Irene L. Katzan, Natalia S. Rost, Margaret Lehman Blake, Eeeseung Byun, Sarah J. Pendlebury, Hugo J. Aparicio, Maria J. Marquine, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Eric E. Smith
Summary: Cognitive impairment after stroke is a common consequence with significant implications for poststroke functioning and quality of life. This scientific statement critically appraises the literature on the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and provides a framework for clinical care while highlighting areas that need further research.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Aravind Ganesh, Justin F. Fraser, Gillian L. Gordon Perue, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Thabele M. Leslie-Mazwi, Steven M. Greenberg, Philippe Couillard, Negar Asdaghi, Mayank Goyal
Summary: This study reviews the literature on acute ischemic stroke in patients with premorbid disability or dementia and proposes principles to guide the use of acute stroke therapies in these populations. The research suggests that patients with premorbid disability or dementia can retain their prestroke level of disability when treated, and it confirms the safety of endovascular therapy in these patients.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Grace Lee, Derrick Y. Tam, Stephen E. Fremes
JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
N. Bryce Robinson, Hillary Lia, Mohamed Rahouma, Katia Audisio, Giovanni Soletti, Michelle Demetres, Jeremy R. Leonard, Stephen E. Fremes, Leonard N. Girardi, Mario Gaudino
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the impact of multiple arterial grafting on long-term all-cause mortality in women undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. The findings showed that women who received multiple arterial grafting had lower long-term mortality and spontaneous myocardial infarction compared to those who received single arterial grafting.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Derrick Y. Tam, Marc Ruel, Stephen E. Fremes
JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dominique Vervoort, Derrick Y. Tam, Stephen E. Fremes
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kevin R. An, Veronica F. Chan, Stephen E. Fremes
ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mario Gaudino, John Alexander, Umberto Benedetto, Andreas Boening, Arnaldo Dimagli, Stephen Fremes, Joanna Chikwe, Leonard Girardi, David Hare, Paul Kurlansky, Andre Lamy, Katia Audisio, Antonino Di Franco, P. J. Devereaux, Anno Diegeler, Marcus Flather, Jennifer S. Lawton, Derrick Y. Tam, Wilko Reents, Mohamed Rahouma
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIO-THORACIC SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Christian Stoppe, Bernard McDonald, Patrick Meybohm, Kenneth B. Christopher, Stephen Fremes, Richard Whitlock, Siamak Mohammadi, Dimitri Kalavrouziotis, Gunnar Elke, Rolf Rossaint, Philipp Helmer, Kai Zacharowski, Ulf Guenther, Matteo Parotto, Bernd Niemann, Andreas Boening, C. David Mazer, Philip M. Jones, Marion Ferner, Yoan Lamarche, Francois Lamontagne, Oliver J. Liakopoulos, Matthew Cameron, Matthias Mueller, Alexander Zarbock, Maria Wittmann, Andreas Goetzenich, Erich Kilger, Lutz Schomburg, Andrew G. Day, Daren K. Heyland
Summary: High-dose intravenous sodium selenite treatment did not reduce morbidity or mortality in high-risk cardiac surgery patients.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Nhien Tran-Nguyen, Andrew T. T. Yan, Stephen Fremes, Piero Triverio, Laura Jimenez-Juan
Summary: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery, a common treatment for coronary artery disease, can suffer from graft failure, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to investigate the relationship between graft hemodynamics and surgical outcomes. Results showed that abnormal wall shear stress (WSS) area one month after surgery correlated with graft lumen remodeling one year after surgery, suggesting that shear-related mechanisms may play a role in post-operative graft remodeling and explain differences in failure rates between arterial and venous grafts.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mario Gaudino, Stephen E. Fremes, Roxana Mehran, C. Noel Bairey Merz
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dominique Vervoort, Malak Elbatarny, Rodolfo Rocha, Stephen E. E. Fremes
Summary: Ischemic heart disease leads to high morbidity and mortality worldwide, often requiring coronary revascularization. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a common surgical procedure using different bypass conduits. Saphenous vein grafts and left internal thoracic artery are commonly used for CABG. Multiple arterial grafting (MAG) is believed to be superior, but its adoption is limited due to technical complexity and lack of conclusive evidence from randomized controlled trials.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mario Gaudino, Sigrid Sandner, Kevin R. An, Arnaldo Dimagli, Antonino Di Franco, Katia Audisio, Lamia Harik, Roberto Perezgrovas-Olaria, Giovanni Soletti, Stephen E. Fremes, David L. Hare, Alexander Kulik, Andre Lamy, Joyce Peper, Marc Ruel, Jurrien M. ten Berg, Laura M. Willemsen, Qiang Zhao, Daniel M. Wojdyla, Deepak L. Bhatt, John H. Alexander, Bjorn Redfors
Summary: Graft failure after CABG is common and strongly associated with adverse cardiac events. Age, female sex, and smoking are independent risk factors for graft failure, while statins have a protective effect. Graft failure is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and death.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Stephen Fremes, Guillaume Marquis-Gravel, Mario F. L. Gaudino, E. Marc Jolicoeur, Sylvain Bedard, Ruth Masterson Creber, Marc Ruel, Dominique C. Vervoort, Harindra E. Wijeysundera, Michael Farkouh, Jean-Lucien Rouleau
Summary: The STICH3C trial aims to compare the efficacy and safety of CABG and PCI in patients with iLVSD and multivessel disease. This trial will provide important evidence to guide clinical practice.
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Robert A. Byrne, Stephen Fremes, Davide Capodanno, Martin Czerny, Torsten Doenst, Jonathan R. Emberson, Volkmar Falk, Mario Gaudino, John J. Mcmurray, Roxana Mehran, Milan Milojevic, Miguel Sousa Uva
Summary: In October 2021, the ESC and EACTS established a task force to review the 2018 guidelines on myocardial revascularization for patients with LM disease. The task force suggested updated recommendations for revascularization modality, stating that both CABG and PCI are clinically reasonable options for stable patients with LM disease. The task force also acknowledged knowledge gaps and emphasized the need for more data.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Salil V. Deo, Andrew Althouse, Sadeer Al-Kindi, David A. Mcallister, Ariela Orkaby, Yakov E. Elgudin, Stephen Fremes, Danny Chu, Frank L. J. Visseren, Jill P. Pell, Naveed Sattar
Summary: The SMART2 risk score performs well in coronary artery bypass grafting patients, with better predictive capabilities in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, it underestimates the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events and shows differences in predictive ability between White and Black patients.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Robert A. Byrne, Stephen Fremes, Davide Capodanno, Martin Czerny, Torsten Doenst, Jonathan R. Emberson, Volkmar Falk, Mario Gaudino, John J. Mcmurray, Roxana Mehran, Milan Milojevic, Miguel Sousa Uva
Summary: In October 2021, the ESC and EACTS established a Task Force to review recommendations on myocardial revascularization in patients with LM disease. The TF assessed new data, including aggregated data from four randomized trials comparing PCI with CABG. The TF concluded that both treatment options are clinically reasonable based on patient preference, expertise, and local operator volumes, but acknowledged gaps in knowledge and the limitations of the available data.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIO-THORACIC SURGERY
(2023)
