Article
Environmental Sciences
Khaiwal Ravindra, Tanbir Singh, Suman Mor
Summary: The study found a significant increase in paddy crop residue burning activities in 2020 compared to the previous year, potentially linked to the COVID-19 pandemic, and highlighted the need for integrated approaches to reduce crop residue burning.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Khaiwal Ravindra, Tanbir Singh, Tuhin Kumar Mandal, Sudhir Kumar Sharma, Suman Mor
Summary: This study investigated the variations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM2.5 concentrations in an urban area of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), with the highest levels observed during the winter season. The results suggest a linkage between regional solid-biomass fuel use and crop residue burning activities, and the low annual average OC/EC ratio indicates the influence of vehicular emissions. The data collected can be used to validate global aerosol models regionally and assist in evidence-based air pollution reduction strategies.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sauryadeep Mukherjee, Gyanesh Kumar Singh, Monami Dutta, Vivek Srivastava, Adnan Mateen Qadri, Tarun Gupta, Abhijit Chatterjee
Summary: A year-long study was conducted on PM2.5 over a semi-urban station in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The study found significant seasonal variations in PM2.5 concentrations and carbonaceous aerosols, with the highest levels in winter and the lowest during the monsoon. Major source regions for high PM2.5 pollution were identified, and it was recommended that systematic and regular air pollution monitoring be initiated in non-urban regions of India.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Phatsarakorn Chaisongkaew, Racha Dejchanchaiwong, Muanfun Inerb, Napawan Mahasakpan, Nobchonnee Nim, Hisam Samae, Panich Intra, John Morris, Thammasin Ingviya, Thanathip Limna, Perapong Tekasakul
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of PM2.5 transport from peatland fires in Indonesia on air quality in Thailand. PM2.5 samples were collected at four sites in the lower southern part of Thailand during 2019-2020. The analysis showed that during the haze period, PM2.5 concentrations and certain chemical components such as organic carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased significantly compared to the normal period. Backward trajectories confirmed that the main source of PM during the haze period was peatland fires in Sumatra, Indonesia.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jin-Ju Lee, Jae-Bum Lee, Okgil Kim, Gookyoung Heo, Hankyung Lee, DaeGyun Lee, Dai-gon Kim, Sang-Deok Lee
Summary: The study assessed the impact of crop residue burning in northeastern China on South Korean PM2.5 concentrations through weather conditions, air quality modeling, and PM2.5 composition data. Results showed a significant influence on air quality and the need to consider this factor for improving air quality and forecasting in South Korea.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Khaiwal Ravindra, Tanbir Singh, Vikas Singh, Sudheer Chintalapati, Gufran Beig, Suman Mor
Summary: Near real-time monitoring of major air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PM1), trace gases (O3, CO, NO, NO2, NOx, NH3, CO2, SO2), and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), was conducted in eight cities in the Indo-Gangetic Plain region during the wheat crop residue burning period. The study found that the semi-urban region had the highest concentration of PM10 and PM2.5, while the urban region had the lowest concentrations during the early phase of the campaign. The results also showed that diverse sources such as crop residue burning, solid biomass fuels, vehicles, and industries significantly contributed to the degradation of regional air quality.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alaa Mhawish, Chandan Sarangi, Priyadharshini Babu, Manish Kumar, Muhammad Bilal, Zhongfeng Qiu
Summary: Post monsoonal agricultural Crop Residue Burning (CRB) in northwestern India significantly affects the air quality in Delhi. The study shows that the disproportionate increase in PM2.5 in Delhi compared to the source region can be explained by the semi-direct effect of aerosol-boundary layer interactions. Control of local anthropogenic emissions can help alleviate the extreme haze episodes in Delhi.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nguyen Ngoc Linh Thao, Sittichai Pimonsree, Kritana Prueksakorn, Pham Thi Bich Thao, Patipat Vongruang
Summary: PM2.5, caused by open biomass burning (OBB), is the principal air pollutant in Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) with significant adverse health effects and economic burdens. This study found that OBB is the largest emission source in MSEA, contributing 57% to PM2.5 concentrations, and has substantial impacts on public health and economy, particularly in Myanmar. The study provides policymakers with quantitative estimates to develop appropriate control measures in MSEA.
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sahil Mor, Santosh Bhukal, Narsi Ram Bishnoi, Khaiwal Ravindra
Summary: India's Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region has become a global hotspot of air pollution, with stubble burning in northern India causing concern. This study analyzed the diurnal variation of air pollutants in Haryana, India, for the first time and identified the sources of emissions during different seasons. The study found that peak concentrations of particulate matter were highest in Zone 2, which includes highly polluting districts with industries like thermal power plants and stainless steel production. The lowest concentrations of pollutants were found in late afternoon hours during winter, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons due to decreased traffic volume and favorable dispersion conditions.
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuan Cheng, Qinqin Yu, Jiumeng Liu, Youwen Sun, Linlin Liang, Zhenyu Du, Guannan Geng, Wanli Ma, Hong Qi, Qiang Zhang, Kebin He
Summary: During a six-month long heating season in Harbin, China, formation of secondary inorganic aerosol was investigated, showing that sulfate formation was enhanced at high relative humidity, but considered inefficient overall. With increasing temperature, sulfur oxidation ratio and nitrogen oxidation ratio increased, leading to a higher nitrate to sulfate ratio. The influence of biomass burning emissions on SIA formation was evident, with a noticeable impact on nitrogen oxidation ratio.
FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sahil Mor, Tanbir Singh, Narsi Ram Bishnoi, Santosh Bhukal, Khaiwal Ravindra
Summary: The study conducted a seasonal variation analysis of ambient air quality in 21 districts of the Haryana state, located in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. The results showed that all zones had higher concentrations of particulate matter than the national standards, with the post-monsoon season being the most severe. Winters were primarily influenced by crop residue burning.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
M. Devaprasad, N. Rastogi, R. Satish, A. Patel, A. Singh, A. Dabhi, A. Shivam, R. Bhushan, R. Meena
Summary: A large scale paddy-residue burning occurs annually in the northwest Indo-Gangetic Plain, impacting air quality in the region and the northern Indian Ocean. This study collected aerosol samples during the post-monsoon season and analyzed carbonaceous aerosols to determine bio vs non-bio contributions. The results provide valuable insights for source apportionment studies and assessing the effects of paddy-residue burning.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yan Yu, Honghui Xu, Yujun Jiang, Feng Chen, Xuedong Cui, Jun He, Dantong Liu
Summary: Using the WRF-CHEM model, the study investigated a severe haze episode in Zhejiang province, China, and found that both large-scale atmospheric circulations and local weather conditions significantly affected the PM2.5 concentration, with horizontal transport playing a crucial role in high PM2.5 concentrations in Zhejiang.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiuping Hong, Kang Yang, Handong Liang, Yunyun Shi
Summary: This study analyzed the characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 samples before and after the implementation of coal-to-gas conversion policy in Beijing. The results showed a significant decrease in the concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 after the policy implementation, indicating the effectiveness of the policy in reducing pollution.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Monish Vijay Deshpande, Nitish Kumar, Dhanyalekshmi Pillai, Vijesh V. Krishna, Meha Jain
Summary: This study examines crop residue burning in India and its impact on emissions. The research reveals that crop burning in India has led to significant increases in CO and greenhouse gas emissions. The states of Punjab and Madhya Pradesh are identified as the areas with the highest burning activity. By utilizing satellite data, it is possible to effectively monitor and manage crop residue burning, providing crucial insights for policy-making and interventions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Valliyappan Mahandran, Haseeb Hakkim, Vinayak Sinha, Manjari Jain
Summary: Animal-mediated seed dispersal in the tropics is common, and some plants have developed special fruit traits to attract nocturnal frugivores like bats. This study examines the behavioral repertoires and scent compounds involved in fruit removal by fruit bats, shedding light on the chemical basis of their foraging behavior and seed dispersal.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gaurav Sharma, Baerbel Sinha
Summary: This paper presents future waste generation and open waste burning projections for India, which are consistent with the scenarios in the shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) database. It is found that if India's waste generation rates converge to those of developed economies under the fossil fuel based economic growth projections, the waste generation in India will increase significantly by 2030 and 2050, leading to a substantial increase in open waste burning emissions. However, under a sustainable development scenario, aggressive promotion of source segregation and treatment of biodegradable waste can reduce waste burning.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
M. Fahim Khokhar, M. Shehzaib Anjum, Abdus Salam, Vinayak Sinha, Manish Naja, Kirpa Ram, Hiroshi Tanimoto, James H. Crawford, Mohammed I. Mead
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chimurkar Navinya, Taveen S. Kapoor, Gupta Anurag, Pradnya Lokhande, Renuka Sharma, S. V. Laxmi Prasad, S. M. Shiva Nagendra, Jyoti Kumari, Gazala Habib, Rahul Arya, Tuhin K. Mandal, Akila Muthalagu, Asif Qureshi, Tanveer Ahmad Najar, Arshid Jehangir, Supreme Jain, Anubha Goel, Shahadev Rabha, Binoy K. Saikia, Pooja Chaudhary, Baerbel Sinha, Diksha Haswani, Ramya Sunder Raman, Abisheg Dhandapani, Jawed Iqbal, Sauryadeep Mukherjee, Abhijit Chatterjee, Yang Lian, G. Pandithurai, Chandra Venkataraman, Harish C. Phuleria
Summary: Understanding the climate impact of residential emissions requires determining fuel consumption for household activities. While cooking emissions have been studied extensively, non-cooking energy consumption activities like heating and lighting in residential sectors have been overlooked due to a lack of national-level data. This study uses data from the COALESCE project, which conducted surveys across 6000 households in India, to understand the energy consumed by non-cooking residential activities. Regression models were developed to estimate information in non-surveyed areas using demographic, housing, and meteorological data. The results show that non-cooking activities account for a significant portion of energy consumption in residential areas, with biomass being the primary fuel source for heating and lighting.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Clare Paton-Walsh, R. Subramanian, James H. Crawford, Laura Dawidowski, H. Langley DeWitt, Lisa Emberson, Louisa Emmons, Rebecca M. Garland, Yugo Kanaya, Aderiana Mbandi, Kerri A. Pratt, Nestor Y. Rojas, Abdus Salam, Katerina Sindelarova, Vinayak Sinha, N'Datchoh Evelyne Toure, Liya E. Yu, Mei Zheng
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Taveen S. Kapoor, Chimurkar Navinya, Gupta Anurag, Pradnya Lokhande, Shubham Rathi, Anubha Goel, Renuka Sharma, Rahul Arya, Tuhin K. Mandal, K. P. Jithin, Shiva Nagendra, Mohd Imran, Jyoti Kumari, Akila Muthalagu, Asif Qureshi, Tanveer Ahmad Najar, Arshid Jehangir, Diksha Haswani, Ramya Sunder Raman, Shahadev Rabha, Binoy Saikia, Yang Lian, G. Pandithurai, Pooja Chaudhary, Baerbel Sinha, Abisheg Dhandapani, Jawed Iqbal, Sauryadeep Mukherjee, Abhijit Chatterjee, Chandra Venkataraman, Harish C. Phuleria
Summary: Second-generation bioenergy is crucial for India's net-zero emission targets, but estimating the bioenergy potential of crop residues is problematic. This study uses comprehensive surveys and regression models to estimate the potential in India, with high sub-national and crop disaggregation. The estimated potential can increase bioenergy capacity by 82%, but may not be sufficient to meet India's targets, highlighting the need to reassess the resource's strategy.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Divya Pandey, Katrina Sharps, David Simpson, Bharat Ramaswami, Roger Cremades, Nathan Booth, Chubamenla Jamir, Patrick Bueker, Vinayak Sinha, Baerbel Sinha, Lisa D. Emberson
Summary: By assessing the impact of ozone pollution on wheat yield in India and using an economic model, we found that ozone pollution has caused significant yield losses and economic burden on producers, consumers, and the government. The government and consumers bear the majority of the costs, and pollution mitigation measures can increase producer welfare but may require new approaches to support farmers.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammed Shabin, Ashish Kumar, Haseeb Hakkim, Yinon Rudich, Vinayak Sinha
Summary: Night-time oxidation has a significant impact on the atmospheric concentration of air pollutants over South Asia, but little is known about its effects in the region. This study investigates the chemistry and abundance of Stabilized Criegee Intermediates (SCI) using comprehensive measurements in the summertime air of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). The study reports the first summertime levels of various alkenes and their roles in SCI chemistry.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Khaiwal Ravindra, Sreekanth Vakacherla, Tanbir Singh, Adithi R. Upadhya, Preety Rattan, Suman Mor
Summary: This study examines the applicability of TTAinterfaceTrendAnalysis in estimating the annual and month-wise trends in PM2.5 over five Indian megacities. The results show statistically non-significant month-wise trends, but statistically significant annual trends. The study also considers the inclusion of COVID-19 lockdown PM2.5 data and examines its impact on the long-term trend.
STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Prodip Acharja, Sachin D. Ghude, Baerbel Sinha, Mary Barth, Gaurav Govardhan, Rachana Kulkarni, Vinayak Sinha, Rajesh Kumar, Kaushar Ali, Ismail Gultepe, Jean-Eudes Petit, Madhavan Nair Rajeevan
Summary: This study provides new mechanistic insight into aerosol mitigation in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during winter. It suggests that aerosol acidity and aerosol liquid water content play crucial roles in governing the gas-to-particle phase partitioning and mass loading of fine aerosols. Reductions in hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitrogen dioxide (HNO3) would be the most effective pathway for aerosol mitigation in the IGP.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kushal Tibrewal, Chandra Venkataraman, Harish Phuleria, Veena Joshi, Sameer Maithel, Anand Damle, Anurag Gupta, Pradnya Lokhande, Shahadev Rabha, Binoy K. Saikia, Sayantee Roy, Gazala Habib, Shubham Rathi, Anubha Goel, Sakshi Ahlawat, Tuhin Kumar Mandal, M. Azharuddin Hashmi, Asif Qureshi, Abisheg Dhandapani, Jawed Iqbal, Sandeep Devaliya, Ramya Sunder Raman, Yang Lian, Govindan Pandithurai, Sudheer Kumar Kuppili, M. Shiva Nagendra, Sauryadeep Mukherjee, Abhijit Chatterjee, Tanveer Ahmad Najar, Arshid Jehangir, Jitender Singh, Baerbel Sinha
Summary: Energy conservation is crucial for achieving net-zero carbon emissions in brick production, especially in countries with rapid urbanization. However, there are widely disparate estimates of energy consumption, making it difficult to benchmark its importance compared to the steel and cement industries. Using a combination of a nationwide questionnaire survey and remote sensing data, this study models Indian brick production and reveals a large underreporting of energy consumption, as well as the key drivers affecting its performance.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pooja V. Pawar, Sachin D. Ghude, Gaurav Govardhan, Prodip Acharja, Rachana Kulkarni, Rajesh Kumar, Baerbel Sinha, Vinayak Sinha, Chinmay Jena, Preeti Gunwani, Tapan Kumar Adhya, Eiko Nemitz, Mark A. Sutton
Summary: The Winter Fog Experiment (WiFEX) was conducted at Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi, India, during the winter of 2017-2018 to study ammonia (NH3) and its derivatives. High-temporal-resolution simulation of NH3 using the WRF-Chem model and measurements from the MARGA instrument were compared. The simulation showed higher NH3 concentrations and lower NH4+ concentrations than the measurements, but adding HCl/Cl- chemistry improved the agreement between the simulation and measurements.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Raj Singh, Baerbel Sinha, Haseeb Hakkim, Vinayak Sinha
Summary: Paddy-residue burning during October-November in north-west India contributes to poor air quality due to the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study provides a quantitative analysis of the different sources of VOCs and pollutants in the region. The results show that solid fuel usage, traffic, and biomass burning are the primary sources of pollution.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xiaopu Lyu, Ke Li, Hai Guo, Lidia Morawska, Beining Zhou, Yangzong Zeren, Fei Jiang, Changhong Chen, Allen H. Goldstein, Xiaobin Xu, Tao Wang, Xiao Lu, Tong Zhu, Xavier Querol, Satoru Chatani, Mohd Talib Latif, Daniel Schuch, Vinayak Sinha, Prashant Kumar, Benjamin Mullins, Rodrigo Seguel, Min Shao, Likun Xue, Nan Wang, Jianmin Chen, Jian Gao, Fahe Chai, Isobel Simpson, Baerbel Sinha, Donald R. Blake
Summary: Tropospheric ozone pollution is a global challenge, with surface ozone unintentionally rising due to uncoordinated emissions reduction and increasing climate penalty. We propose a synergistic ozone-climate control strategy to alleviate ozone pollution.