Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
Volume 105, Issue 9, Pages 1244-1249Publisher
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316617
Keywords
Glaucoma; Epidemiology; Public health
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation [CCF-193496, DEB-1840223, DMS 17-13012, ABI 16-61396]
- National Institute of Health [R01 DK116187-01, R21AG055777-01A]
- Human Frontier Science Program [RGP0051/2017]
- National Eye Institute [EY029885]
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In a cohort of glaucoma suspects followed over time, anxiety and depression were significantly associated with the risk of developing glaucoma.
Aims To assess the impact of anxiety and depression in the risk of converting to glaucoma in a cohort of glaucoma suspects followed over time. Methods The study included a retrospective cohort of subjects with diagnosis of glaucoma suspect at baseline, extracted from the Duke Glaucoma Registry. The presence of anxiety and depression was defined based on electronic health records billing codes, medical history and problem list. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to obtain HRs for the risk of converting to glaucoma over time. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, gender, race, intraocular pressure measurements over time and disease severity at baseline. Results A total of 3259 glaucoma suspects followed for an average of 3.60 (2.05) years were included in our cohort, of which 911 (28%) were diagnosed with glaucoma during follow-up. Prevalence of anxiety and depression were 32% and 33%, respectively. Diagnoses of anxiety, or concomitant anxiety and depression were significantly associated with risk of converting to glaucoma over time, with adjusted HRs (95% CI) of 1.16 (1.01, 1.33) and 1.27 (1.07, 1.50), respectively. Conclusion A history of anxiety or both anxiety and depression in glaucoma suspects was associated with developing glaucoma during follow-up.
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