Journal
PHARMACEUTICALS
Volume 13, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ph13080174
Keywords
phytocannabinoids; epilepsy; anticonvulsant; cannabis; seizure
Categories
Funding
- BPER Bank, Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale per il Trattamento delle Epilessie (Clinical and Experimental Medicine for Treatment of Epilepsies)
- Reggio Emilia (Progetto Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022)
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences of the University of Modena
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Epilepsy contributes to approximately 1% of the global disease burden. By affecting especially young children as well as older persons of all social and racial variety, epilepsy is a present disorder worldwide. Currently, only 65% of epileptic patients can be successfully treated with antiepileptic drugs. For this reason, alternative medicine receives more attention. Cannabis has been cultivated for over 6000 years to treat pain and insomnia and used since the 19th century to suppress epileptic seizures. The two best described phytocannabinoids, (-)-trans-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are claimed to have positive effects on different neurological as well as neurodegenerative diseases, including epilepsy. There are different cannabinoids which act through different types of receptors and channels, including the cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2 (CB1, CB2), G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) and 18 (GPR18), opioid receptor mu and delta, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and 2 (TRPV2), type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA(A)R) and voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC). The mechanisms and importance of the interaction between phytocannabinoids and their different sites of action regarding epileptic seizures and their clinical value are described in this review.
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