Journal
TRANSLATIONAL ANDROLOGY AND UROLOGY
Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 1013-1027Publisher
AME PUBLISHING COMPANY
DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.03.02
Keywords
Prostate cancer; androgen receptor; TGF-beta; EMT; metastasis
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Funding
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2019M660060]
- Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin [19JCYBJC26900]
- Science & Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education [2018KJ050]
- Traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine research project [2019137]
- Youth Fund of the Second Hospital Tianjin Medical University [2018ydey07]
- Tianjin Technical Expert Project
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Background: Previous study has reported that loss of epithelial androgen receptor (AR) may promote tumor progression and cause TRAMP mouse model die earlier. The detail mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Methods: Immunohistochemistry assay, Western blot and real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers. RNA extraction, RT-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR, BrdU incorporation assays, flow cytometry and other experimental technics were also used in present work. Results: Decreased expression of epithelial markers (Cytokeratin 8, NKX3 .1 and E-cadherin) and increased expression of mesenchymal markers (alpha-SMA, Vimentin, and N-cadherin) in were found in AR knockout TRAMP tumors. Further investigation indicated that AR signal deprivation is associated with cell morphology transition, high cell mobility, high cell invasion rate and resistance to anoikis in TRAMP prostate tumor cells. Together, these findings implied knockout AR in TRAMP prostate tumor may lead to EMT, which may result in earlier metastasis, and then cause TRAMP mice die earlier. TGF-131 is responsible for EMT in AR knockout TRAMP tumor cells. Conclusions: In conclusion, ADT therapy induced hormone refractory prostate cancer may gain the ability of metastasis through cell?s EMT which is a phase of poor differentiation. Anti -EMT drugs should be developed to battle the tumor metastasis induced by ADT therapy.
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