Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriel Berdugo-Vega, Shonali Dhingra, Federico Calegari
Summary: This article reviews a wealth of research in cellular, anatomical, behavioral, and computational studies on the mammalian hippocampus, aiming to understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying cognition. Despite accumulating knowledge on how the hippocampus processes and stores information for learning and memory, our understanding of hippocampal cognitive function remains incomplete. The article discusses the structural separability of the two blades of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and proposes a model that suggests differences in connectivity and adult neurogenesis in the two blades may contribute to subtly different cognitive functions.
Review
Neurosciences
Jesse D. Cushman, Michael R. Drew, Franklin B. Krasne
Summary: The primary function of juvenile and adult hippocampal neurogenesis appears to be allowing behavioral experience to shape connectivity in the dentate gyrus and optimize hippocampal circuits for future learning. This environmental sculpting reduces overlap among memory representations, provides more information, and allows for more memories to be stored accurately. The decline of neurogenesis prior to adulthood may be explained by this prospective function of sculpting hippocampal circuits.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Nanami Kasakura, Yuka Murata, Asuka Shindo, Shiho Kitaoka, Tomoyuki Furuyashiki, Kanzo Suzuki, Eri Segi-Nishida
Summary: The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus plays a regulatory role in stress-related emotional behaviors and neurogenesis. NT-3 is expressed in the adult dentate gyrus and is enhanced under chronic stress conditions in rodents. However, the functional modulation of the dentate gyrus by NT-3 signaling is still unclear.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Sebastian B. Arredondo, Daniela Valenzuela-Bezanilla, Sebastian H. Santibanez, Lorena Varela-Nallar
Summary: The subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus is a neurogenic niche that contains neural stem cells capable of generating granule neurons. Wnt ligands play diverse roles in regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Understanding the cellular source and mechanisms of Wnt signaling will be crucial for future therapeutic interventions.
Review
Cell Biology
Luka Culig, Xixia Chu, Vilhelm A. Bohr
Summary: Adult neurogenesis is a potential target for extending cognitive healthspan, as aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes the role of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and discusses the molecular mechanisms involving key proteins. Interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate aging research targets are summarized, and the outlook for restoring neurogenesis levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration is shared.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Virendra Tiwari, Akanksha Mishra, Sonu Singh, Shubha Shukla
Summary: Neural stem cells (NSCs) are the functional and developmental unit of neurogenesis, and they have the ability to self-renew and generate new neurons in different neurogenic niches. Neurogenesis in adult brain is associated with synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory, particularly in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and olfactory bulb. Impaired neurogenesis has been implicated as a culprit in age-associated neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review provides evidence for the association between impaired neurogenesis and AD, and discusses the molecular and cellular regulation of neurogenesis in the young and aging brain. The review also summarizes therapeutic strategies for targeting the manipulation of the neural stem cell pool and factors affecting this pool in AD.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucas Alexandre Santos Marzano, Fabyolla Lucia Macedo de Castro, Caroline Amaral Machado, Joao Luis Vieira Monteiro de Barros, Thiago Macedo e Cordeiro, Ana Cristina Simoes e Silva, Antonio Lucio Teixeira, Aline Silva de Miranda
Summary: Traumatic brain injury is a serious cause of disability and death, and neurogenesis may provide potential benefits for its treatment.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shawn F. Sorrells, Mercedes F. Paredes, Zhuangzhi Zhang, Gugene Kang, Oier Pastor-Alonso, Sean Biagiotti, Chloe E. Page, Kadellyn Sandoval, Anthony Knox, Andrew Connolly, Eric J. Huang, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Michael C. Oldham, Zhengang Yang, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
Summary: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was initially discovered in rodents, with subsequent studies identifying adult neural stem cells and their links to plasticity, behavior, and disease. The debate continues as to whether new neurons are produced in the human dentate gyrus during healthy aging. Recent research has shown conflicting results regarding the presence of dividing neuronal precursors in the adult human brain.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Timothy J. Schoenfeld, Chance Swanson
Summary: Physical exercise has wide-ranging benefits to cognitive functioning and mental state, with effects resembling enhancements to hippocampal functioning. Beta-endorphins released during exercise are a potential candidate for moderating increases in neurogenesis and related behavioral benefits. Further exploration of beta-endorphin as a key mediator of hippocampal neurogenesis could provide insights into how exercise promotes adult neurogenesis and overall brain health.
Review
Neurosciences
Kylie A. Huckleberry, Rebecca M. Shansky
Summary: Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus contributes to the formation of a heterogeneous DG with specialized adult-born neurons. More research is needed to consider the unique functions of adult-born neurons and to address critical gaps in current studies.
Article
Biology
Nannan Guo, Kelsey D. McDermott, Yu-Tzu Shih, Haley Zanga, Debolina Ghosh, Charlotte Herber, William R. Meara, James Coleman, Alexia Zagouras, Lai Ping Wong, Ruslan Sadreyev, J. Tiago Goncalves, Amar Sahay
Summary: This study reveals that the transcription factor Klf9 functions as a brake on symmetric self-renewal of radial-glial neural stem cells (RGLs) in mice. The loss of Klf9 promotes the activation state of RGLs and leads to increased symmetric self-renewal. The study also provides molecular insights into the genetic programs underlying RGL symmetric self-renewal, including Notch and mitogen signaling, cell cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and lipogenesis.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Farah Chamaa, Batoul Darwish, Ziad Nahas, Elie D. Al-Chaer, Nayef E. Saade, Wassim Abou-Kheir
Summary: This study demonstrates that sustained activation of the anteromedial thalamic nucleus boosts neurogenesis and improves spatial reference memory. Both single and multiple sessions of deep brain stimulation prompt an increase in novel arm exploration, with multiple sessions having a greater effect starting from week 1.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Andres Benitez-Rosendo, Patricia Lagos, Karina Cal, Laura Colman, Carlos Escande, Aldo Calliari
Summary: DBC1 plays a crucial role in energy metabolism, cell cycle progression, and cancer cell regulation. This study reveals the impact of DBC1 on cell cycle and neurogenesis, suggesting its involvement in neuroblast generation and neural differentiation, as well as its association with cognitive functions such as learning and memory formation.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah E. Latchney, Brayan R. Ruiz Lopez, Paige D. Womble, Katherine J. Blandin, Joaquin N. Lugo
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of how conditional deletion of Pten regulates the genesis of adult neural stem/progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone. The results demonstrate that Pten deletion leads to successive increases in cell proliferation and immaturity, with the increase spreading to non-neurogenic areas as mice age. The study also reveals region-specific increases in apoptotic cells that parallel the increases in proliferating cells.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Mark R. Sinks, Daryl E. Morrison, Rajan A. Ramdev, Stergiani Lentzou, Mark D. Spritzer
Summary: This study investigated the link between adult neurogenesis and memory formation using wild meadow voles. The results showed that voles with larger home ranges had higher densities of proliferating cells and apoptotic cells in the dentate gyrus, supporting the hypothesis that cell proliferation and cell death are involved in spatial memory formation.
