Keratinocyte-Expressed Podoplanin is Dispensable for Multi-Step Skin Carcinogenesis

Podoplanin is a small transmembrane mucin-like glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the development of the lung, heart and lymphatic vascular system. Its expression is upregulated in several types of human carcinomas and podoplanin levels in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the oral cavity and the lung correlate with cancer invasiveness, lymph node metastasis and shorter survival time of patients, indicating that podoplanin promotes tumor progression. However, its role during the early stages of carcinogenesis remain unclear. We generated mice with a specific deletion of podoplanin in epidermal keratinocytes (K5-Cre;Pdpn(flox/flox)mice) and subjected them to a multistep chemical skin carcinogenesis regimen. The rate of tumor initiation; the number, size and differentiation of tumors; and the malignant transformation rate were comparable in K5-Cre;Pdpn(flox/flox)mice and Pdpn(flox/flox)control mice. However, tumor cell invasion was reduced in K5-Cre;Pdpn(flox/flox)mice, in particular single cell invasion. Quantitative immunofluorescence analyses revealed that peritumoral lymphangiogenesis was reduced in K5-Cre;Pdpn(flox/flox)mice, whereas there were no major changes of tumor-associated immune cell subpopulations. Thus, keratinocyte-expressed podoplanin is dispensable for the early steps of skin carcinogenesis but contributes to the progression of established tumors.