Article
Mathematics
Ammara Nosheen, Aneeqa Aslam, Khuram Ali Khan, Khalid Mahmood Awan, Hamid Reza Moradi
Summary: The study extends sneak-out inequalities on time scales for functions depending on more than one parameter. The results are proved using the induction principle and time scale version of Minkowski inequalities. Applications of these inequalities in classical, discrete, and quantum calculus are discussed.
JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics
Francesco Maggi, Robin Neumayer, Ignacio Tomasetti
Summary: For the variational problems with critical volume and trace constraints, we identify the best p-Sobolev inequality on a subset Omega of Rn and prove the existence of generalized minimizers and classical minimizers when Omega is bounded. We also establish rigidity results for the comparison theorem, providing the first affirmative answers to a question raised earlier.
ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sergey V. Kapranov, Alexander F. Kozintsev, Nikolay I. Bobko, Vitaliy I. Ryabushko
Summary: This study examined the effects of age, sampling location, and sex on the element contents in the soft tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis. It found that most element contents decreased with age, and there were significant differences in element accumulation patterns among mussels from different sites. Sex did not significantly affect element accumulation. The ratio of soft tissue dry weight to total weight and certain morphometric parameters were strongly correlated with element contents.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wael Badawy, Ahmed Elsenbawy, Andrey Dmitriev, Alexey Shcheglov, Ayman El-Gamal, Mohammed Mekewi, Hussein El Samman, Nariman H. M. Kamel
Summary: The present study provides a comprehensive picture of marine sediment characterization in terms of geochemistry and pollution extent along the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. The study analyzed 99 surface coastal sediments and determined the mass fractions of 39 trace elements using neutron activation analysis. The results show significant amounts of certain elements and the mass fractions of rare earth elements are higher compared to literature data. Principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization were used to identify pollution sources. Different pollution indices were used to quantify sediment quality, and four locations with significant pollution were identified. This study serves as a baseline for the geochemical background of sediments in the study area and helps monitor the quality of marine sediments along the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
SamanehSadat Ariapak, Ahmad Jalalian, Naser Honarjoo
Summary: Air pollution, mainly caused by rapid and irregular urbanization and industrialization, is a major challenge in highly populated cities like Tehran. This study investigated the contamination of trace elements in airborne dust in the capital city of Iran. Results showed that the pollution has spread throughout all seasons, with the highest levels observed in the cold seasons. Lead, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic were identified as significant contributors to air pollution in Tehran.
Article
Spectroscopy
Lukas Brunnbauer, Jhanis Gonzalez, Hans Lohninger, Julia Bode, Carla Vogt, Michael Nelhiebel, Silvia Larisegger, Andreas Limbeck
Summary: This study investigates quantifying potassium in unknown polymer types or polymers with unknown composition using two different multivariate approaches, and achieves success in some cases, providing the possibility for quantitative analysis of potassium in unknown polymer types.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vanessa Sales de Carvalho, Ivanice Ferreira dos Santos, Lucas Cintra Almeida, Cheilane Tavares de Souza, Jucelino Balbino da Silva Junior, Lais Araujo Souza, Liz O. dos Santos, Sergio L. C. Ferreira
Summary: This study evaluated the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of trace metal contamination in surface water samples of the Joanes River in Brazil. Different levels of metals were observed between dry and rainy seasons. However, the analysis indicated that the pollutants pose little or no health risk for adults and children over a lifetime of exposure.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Arumugam Yuvaraja, Lakshmanan Elango, Ramesh RamyaPriya, Ganesan Gowrisankar, Sitthuraji Suganthi
Summary: This study assessed the seasonal changes in dissolved trace elements in the Bhavani river, southern India, highlighting spatial and temporal variations influenced by both natural and anthropogenic sources. Higher concentrations of trace elements were found in samples from urban and agricultural areas during the monsoon season due to increased discharge of sewage and agricultural runoff. Despite minimal health risks posed by oral and dermal ingestion to adults, urban settlements and agricultural lands were found to significantly influence river quality, leading to increased trace element concentrations.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ram Proshad, Mamun Abdullah Al, Md Saiful Islam, Sujan Khadka, Tapos Kormoker, Minhaz Uddin, Letizia Modeo
Summary: This study investigated the concentration of trace metals and health risks in the Rupsa River in Bangladesh, revealing variations in the metals' concentrations across different seasons and locations. The main health hazards were identified as long-term ingestion and skin contact with metals like cadmium, arsenic, and nickel.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Andra Bucse, Oana Cristina Parvulescu, Dan Vasiliu, Mihaela Muresan
Summary: This study aimed to assess the accumulation of some trace elements in the soft tissue of Mediterranean mussels from the Black Sea. The results showed that smaller mussels had higher concentrations of arsenic and bromine when collected in lower temperature and higher salinity and pH conditions, while larger mussels had lower concentrations when collected in June. Furthermore, copper, selenium, zinc, and bromine likely originated from anthropogenic sources, and their higher concentrations in February and June were obtained at lower seawater salinity levels. The concentrations of copper, zinc, selenium, arsenic, and mercury in mussel soft tissue were below the maximum permissible levels.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Spectroscopy
Zhuoyi Chen, Fangfang Qu, Yue Wang, Pengcheng Nie
Summary: A THz metamaterial absorber based on a split ring resonator structure was used for highly accurate detection of trace pesticides. Analysis of peak amplitude and frequency responses improved detection accuracy, with both pesticides reaching a detection limit of 10 ng/L. This study provides a new approach for food quality and safety control in the future.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Natarajan Rajmohan, Burhan A. M. Niyazi, Milad H. Z. Masoud
Summary: Trace metals pollution, distribution and associated health risk were evaluated in an arid coastal aquifer in Western Saudi Arabia using multiple analysis methods. The results showed high contamination and elevated levels of metals in groundwater, posing potential health risks. The study also identified the main factors controlling the water chemistry in the aquifer.
Article
Optics
Jin-Min Liang, Qiao-Qiao Lv, Zhi-Xi Wang, Shao-Ming Fei
Summary: This study proposes a unified multivariate trace estimation (UMT) method, which allows flexible selection of circuit structures for different hardware devices, and applies it to virtual distillation for exponential error suppression.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Oto Miedico, Valeria Nardelli, Teresa D'Amore, Monica Casale, Paolo Oliveri, Cristina Malegori, Giuseppe Paglia, Marco Iammarino
Summary: In this study, a novel approach based on multivariate analysis of 43 trace elements in meat products is described for identifying mechanically separated meat (MSM). The method was validated and found to have an accuracy of 90% when analyzing blind meat samples. This new analytical approach represents a significant improvement for determining the presence of MSM in meat products.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Hongtao Zhao, Yongjun Shao, Yu Zhang, Genshen Cao, Lianjie Zhao, Xiyue Zheng
Summary: By conducting factor analysis and multivariate statistical analysis on 4095 sets of sphalerite trace element data from 86 deposits of different origins, this study reveals the relationship between sphalerite trace element compositions and physicochemical conditions, as well as its potential in differentiating ore types. Machine learning models demonstrate high accuracy in distinguishing ore types based on sphalerite trace element data, which is validated by blind tests. This study highlights the significance of machine learning and multivariate statistical analysis on sphalerite trace element data in differentiating metallogenic origin and conditions.
JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Navneeth Ramakrishnan, Raban Iten, Volkher B. Scholz, Mario Berta
Summary: This work generalizes classical Blahut-Arimoto algorithms to the quantum setting, providing efficient iterative schemes to compute various quantum channel capacities, with rigorous bounds on estimation error using quantum entropy inequalities and demonstration of fast convergence in numerical experiments.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Mario Berta, Francesco Borderi, Omar Fawzi, Volkher B. Scholz
Summary: The paper presents asymptotically converging semidefinite programming hierarchies for solving problems in bilinear programs, applied to approximate error correction in quantum information theory. It quantifies the convergence speed with novel quantum de Finetti theorems and answers a question about improving the approximation factor of de Finetti theorems.
MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING
(2022)
Article
Physics, Mathematical
Philippe Faist, Mario Berta, Fernando G. S. L. Brandao
Summary: Recent advances in understanding the thermodynamics of small-scale systems have led to the characterization of the thermodynamic requirements for implementing quantum processes. Optimal universal implementations of a given process are found to have a work cost rate determined by the thermodynamic capacity of the process. These results introduce a new concept of quantum typicality and demonstrate a thermodynamic application of convex-split methods.
COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Gilad Gour, Marco Tomamichel
Summary: The text introduces an axiomatic approach to entropies and relative entropies based on minimal information-theoretic axioms, showing that these axioms are sufficient to ensure continuity and meaningful bounds. It further demonstrates a one-to-one correspondence between entropies and relative entropies.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Marius Lemm, David Sutter
Summary: This paper introduces a new technique that can quantitatively obtain lower bounds on the top Lyapunov exponent through the computation of matrix sums in ergodic situations. While currently applicable only to uniformly hyperbolic cocycles, our bounds are stronger than the standard estimates for specific examples of ergodic Schrodinger cocycles of polymer type.
ANALYSIS AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Christophe Piveteau, David Sutter, Stefan Woerner
Summary: Quantum error-mitigation techniques aim to reduce noise on current quantum hardware without fault-tolerant quantum error correction, but come with a sampling overhead that scales exponentially with the number of corrected gates. This work introduces an algorithm based on mathematical optimization that selects the quasiprobability decomposition in a noise-aware manner, resulting in significantly lower sampling overhead. A key element of the algorithm is a robust quasiprobability method that allows for a tradeoff between approximation error and sampling overhead through semidefinite programming.
NPJ QUANTUM INFORMATION
(2022)
Article
Physics, Mathematical
Yonglong Li, Vincent Y. F. Tan, Marco Tomamichel
Summary: In this paper, we investigate sequential hypothesis testing between two quantum states using adaptive and non-adaptive strategies. We demonstrate that adaptive strategies can minimize misidentification errors, and these errors decrease exponentially with the stopping time. When joint measurements on multiple samples are allowed, the rates of errors are increased.
COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Kamil Korzekwa, Zbigniew Puchala, Marco Tomamichel, Karol Zyczkowski
Summary: We analyze the problem of encoding classical information into different resources of a quantum state, considering a general class of communication scenarios. For any state, we find upper bounds on the number of messages that can be encoded using the operations, as well as matching lower bounds in the case of a specific resource destroying map. In the asymptotic setting, our bounds provide an operational interpretation of resource monotones.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Kianna Wan, Mario Berta, Earl T. Campbell
Summary: The paper proposes a randomized phase estimation algorithm that has two distinctive features: complexity independent of the number of terms in the Hamiltonian, and the ability to suppress algorithmic errors by collecting more data samples without increasing circuit depth.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Roberto Rubboli, Marco Tomamichel
Summary: This article studies the problem of catalytic transformations in resource theory, proving that a smaller residual correlation requires a higher amount of resources for the catalyst. It also demonstrates that in imperfect catalysis, a small error results in a highly important embezzling catalyst.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Markus Rambach, Akram Youssry, Marco Tomamichel, Jacquiline Romero
Summary: Quantum state tomography is an essential component in quantum computation and communication, but standard techniques often struggle with changing states and environmental noise. We propose a matrix-exponentiated gradient (MEG) tomography method that can dynamically track and update the estimated density matrix efficiently, even with noisy data. Experimental implementation on a qutrit system encoded in photons demonstrates fidelities of approximately 95% in different scenarios.
QUANTUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Mathematical
Mario Berta, David Sutter, Michael Walter
Summary: This paper introduces Brascamp-Lieb inequalities as entropy inequalities with a dual formulation as generalized Young inequalities. A fully quantum version of this duality is proposed, relating quantum relative entropy inequalities to matrix exponential inequalities of Young type. Demonstrated through examples from quantum information theory, including entropic uncertainty relations, strong data-processing inequalities, super-additivity inequalities, and more. The novel uncertainty relations for Gaussian quantum operations found in this work can be interpreted as quantum duals of the well-known family of 'geometric' Brascamp-Lieb inequalities.
COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Tony Metger, Omar Fawzi, David Sutter, Renato Renner
Summary: This study introduces a new tool called generalised entropy accumulation for computing the lower bound of the min-entropy of a quantum system. By utilizing this tool, it becomes easier to apply to a broader range of cryptographic protocols and provides improved security proofs. The research extends the existing entropy accumulation theorem and is applicable to mistrustful device-independent cryptography.
2022 IEEE 63RD ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (FOCS)
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Raban Iten, Romain Moyard, Tony Metger, David Sutter, Stefan Woerner
Summary: This study presents a classical algorithm that efficiently finds all maximal matches in quantum circuits of typical sizes for near-term devices, contributing to the optimization of quantum circuit performance.
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON QUANTUM COMPUTING
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Maria Quadeer, Kamil Korzekwa, Marco Tomamichel
Summary: This study examines work extraction processes of two-level systems mediated by finite-time interactions with an ambient bath, known as partial thermalizations, as continuous-time Markov processes. The research reveals fluctuations in the amount of work that can be extracted due to the stochastic nature of the process, and investigates the impact of the rate at which system parameters are driven and the rate of thermalization with the bath. Analytic expressions for average work and a lower bound for the variance of work are derived, demonstrating that such processes generally cannot be fluctuation-free. Furthermore, the study shows that an upper bound for the Monte Carlo estimate of the variance of work can be obtained using Jarzynski's fluctuation-dissipation relation and analyzes work extraction cycles under different constraints by modifying the Carnot cycle.
