Optimization of polysaccharides-based nanoemulsion using response surface methodology and application to improve postharvest storage of apple (Malus domestica)

The current study was planned to investigate the potential of polysaccharides-based nanoemulsion coatings to improve postharvest storage life of apple fruit. As per experimental plan of response surface methodology (RSM), 13 coating formulations were prepared; coatings were applied to fruit and stored at 20 degrees C for 14 days. The effects of coating on physicochemical, antioxidant capacity (%), total phenolic content and microbial counts in apple fruit and its juice were assed. The developed model showed non-significant (p > 0.05) lack of fit for all evaluated target response variables. Coefficients of determination (R-2) ranging from 92.69 to 99.65% were obtained for these responses. The experimental results investigated in this study suggested that the nanoemulsion based on fenugreek and flax polysaccharide preserved overall quality attributes of apple fruit during storage as well as extended shelf life. Based on RSM, a formulation with a blend of 1.5 g fenugreek and 1.0 g flax polysaccharides was predicted to produce the most desirable effects for target responses, and no significant (p > 0.05) difference between experimental and predicted values. Hence, such an ecofriendly natural approach towards enhancing postharvest quality of fruits was explored to promote trade of organic produce and further investigation is needed regarding scaling and pilot-scale validation trials.