4.6 Review

Soft Alkali Bromide and Iodide Fluxes for Crystal Growth

Journal

FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00518

Keywords

flux crystal growth; alkali halide fluxes; chalcogenides; single crystals; inorganic synthesis

Funding

  1. National Science Foundation [DMR-1806279]
  2. NSF IGERT Graduate Fellowship [1250052]
  3. Direct For Education and Human Resources
  4. Division Of Graduate Education [1250052] Funding Source: National Science Foundation

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In this review we discuss general trends in the use of alkali bromide and iodide (ABI) fluxes for exploratory crystal growth. The ABI fluxes are ionic solution fluxes at moderate to high temperatures, 207 to similar to 1,300 degrees C, which offer a good degree of flexibility in the selection of the temperature profile and solubility. Although their main use is to dissolve and recrystallize soft species such as chalcogenides, many compositions with hard anions, including oxides and nitrides, have been obtained from the ABI fluxes, highlighting their unique versatility. ABI fluxes can serve to provide a reaction and crystallization medium for different types of starting materials, mostly the elemental and binary compounds. As the use of alkali halide fluxes creates an excess of the alkali cations, these fluxes are often reactive, incorporating one of its components to the final compositions, although some examples of non-reactive ABI fluxes are known.

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