Review
Immunology
Lina Tingo, Emelie Ahlberg, Lovisa Johansson, Sindre Andre Pedersen, Konika Chawla, Pal Saetrom, Erika Cione, Melanie Rae Simpson
Summary: Breast milk contains a variety of RNA types, including miRNAs, with some miRNAs being widely reported across different fractions. It is currently challenging to determine which factors influence the characteristics of the miRNA profile, but studies suggest that certain miRNAs are highly expressed and stable in breast milk. Future research needs to further explore the biological effects of miRNAs in breast milk and characterize other ncRNAs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Joanna Patrycja Wroblewska, Michal Stefan Lach, Marcin Rucinski, Igor Piotrowski, Lukasz Galus, Wiktoria Maria Suchorska, Stephanie Kreis, Andrzej Marszalek
Summary: The study found that miRNAs extracted from exosomes of UM patients could be potential biomarkers for diagnosis and metastatic spread of UM.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yujie Ning, Feiyu Zhang, Shujin Li, Chaowei Wang, Yifan Wu, Sijie Chen, Yanli Liu, Feihong Chen, Xiong Guo, Xi Wang, Hongmou Zhao
Summary: This study investigates the role of extracellular vesicular miRNAs in knee osteoarthritis and identifies differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes. The findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of cartilage injury and knee osteoarthritis.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Riccardo Vago, Giorgia Radano, Davide Zocco, Natasa Zarovni
Summary: Urine is an ideal source of non-invasive diagnostic markers, however, issues such as urine concentration variability and biases introduced in urine EV analysis restrict its full potential. This study evaluated methods to decrease biases and found that appropriate urine storage, optimal single-step EV purification method, and normalization method can enable accurate analysis of urine EV RNA.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Loredana Leggio, Greta Paternao, Silvia Vivarelli, Giovanna G. Falzone, Carmela Giachino, Bianca Marchetti, Nunzio Iraci
Summary: The elderly population is expected to increase significantly in the next decade, leading to a rise in age-related diseases such as Parkinson's disease which severely impacts patients' quality of life. Despite 150 years of research, there are still no effective therapies available for PD. Research aims to identify novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of therapy efficacy for PD.
Article
Cell Biology
Yangyang Li, Jian Zhang, Sha Li, Chongye Guo, Qian Li, Xin Zhang, Meng Li, Shuangli Mi
Summary: In this study, a loading pathway of batched tumor-promoting sEV-miRNAs in NSCLC cell line A549 was comprehensively illustrated, with hnRNPA1 identified as a key loading protein and CAV1 demonstrated to assist in sEV-miRNA loading. This loading mechanism sheds light on potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kasun Godakumara, James Ord, Freddy Lattekivi, Keerthie Dissanayake, Janeli Viil, Nageswara Rao Boggavarapu, Omid R. Faridani, Kersti Jaager, Agne Velthut-Meikas, Ulle Jaakma, Andres Salumets, Alireza Fazeli
Summary: The study demonstrates that trophoblast-derived EVs have the capability to modify the gene expression of endometrial cells, particularly in the aspects of extracellular matrix remodeling and G protein-coupled receptors signaling. These alterations may play a significant role in embryo-maternal communication during implantation.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yao Xiao, TingYu M. Liu, Ian J. MacRae
Summary: Argonaute (AGO) proteins use microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to regulate gene expression. The functional distinction between AGOs in plants and animals depends on a minor structural difference in the PIWI domain. Swapping a 9-amino acid loop in the PIWI domain can alter the targeting properties and silencing efficiency of AGO proteins.
Article
Cell Biology
Helena Sork, Mariana Conceicao, Giulia Corso, Joel Nordin, Yi Xin Fiona Lee, Kaarel Krjutskov, Jakub Orzechowski Westholm, Pieter Vader, Marie Pauwels, Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke, Matthew J. A. Wood, Samir EL Andaloussi, Imre Mager
Summary: The study found that most miRNAs were secreted in the non-EV fraction, with over 96% of total miRNA found in non-EVs. Despite containing only a fraction of the secreted miRNAs, EVs were stable at 37 degrees Celsius in a serum-containing environment.
Review
Oncology
Simona Taverna, Anna Masucci, Giuseppe Cammarata
Summary: This review focuses on the potential applications of piRNAs as biomarkers in different cancer types. piRNAs not only play key roles in germ line cells but also regulate protein-coding genes and are associated with various diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have found that piRNAs are also present in extracellular vesicles, providing a new avenue for early diagnosis and personalized medicine.
Article
Oncology
Piyush Gondaliya, Adil Ali Sayyed, Julia Driscoll, Krishna Patel, Tushar Patel
Summary: The tumor microenvironment in liver cancers is a complex mixture of liver tissue-resident cells, infiltrated immune cells, and secreted factors that promote tumor growth and progression. Extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of RNA molecules plays a critical role in intercellular communication within the liver to regulate tumor-related processes such as growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune cell activities. This mini-review provides an overview of the liver tumor microenvironment and the biological effects of RNA-mediated signaling through extracellular vesicles.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alberto Nicoletti, Marcantonio Negri, Mattia Paratore, Federica Vitale, Maria Elena Ainora, Enrico Celestino Nista, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Assunta Zocco, Lorenzo Zileri Dal Verme
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis due to difficulties in detection and limited effectiveness of current treatments. Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and microvesicles, may play a crucial role in the progression and resistance to chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. They also have the potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Giuseppe Lia, Clara Di Vito, Stefania Bruno, Marta Tapparo, Lucia Brunello, Armando Santoro, Jacopo Mariotti, Stefania Bramanti, Elisa Zaghi, Michela Calvi, Lorenzo Comba, Martina Fasci, Luisa Giaccone, Giovanni Camussi, Eileen M. Boyle, Luca Castagna, Andrea Evangelista, Domenico Mavilio, Benedetto Bruno
Summary: Even with high-dose PT-Cy, acute and chronic GvHDs remain a clinical challenge. Reliable biomarkers for predicting their onset have yet to be identified. This study found a significant association between the expression profiles of EVs and their miRNA cargo with the onset of aGvHD. The correlation between EV expression profile and cargo with plasma biomarkers was also investigated.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Natalia Simionescu, Radu Zonda, Anca Roxana Petrovici, Adriana Georgescu
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role in the development and treatment resistance of glioblastoma (GB), potentially serving as diagnostic, prognostic, and disease monitoring biomarkers, as well as gene therapy nanocarriers.
Article
Pathology
Kar-Yan Su, Jie-Yi Koh Kok, Yie-Wei Chua, Shearn-Dior Ong, Hooi Leng Ser, Priyia Pusparajah, Pui San Saw, Bey Hing Goh, Wai-Leng Lee
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-derived lipid bilayers released by cells. Bacterial EVs (BEVs) have attracted interest as potential diagnostic markers due to their differential bacterial composition in biofluids between patients and healthy controls. This review outlines the commonly used approach for investigating BEVs in biofluids, including 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and discusses the potential of BEVs as biomarkers for various diseases.
EXPERT REVIEW OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yaping Ju, Maria C. Edman, Hao Guo, Srikanth Reddy Janga, Santosh Peddi, Stan G. Louie, Jason A. Junge, J. Andrew MacKay, Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
Summary: This study examined a treatment method using depot formulation which was proven to effectively reduce autoimmune dacryoadenitis associated with SS in an experimental mouse model, with reduced local toxicity and positive effects on improving lacrimal gland function.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Runzhong Fu, Maria C. Edman, Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
Summary: The study revealed that Rab27a is involved in the secretion of CTSS in lacrimal gland acinar cells through the regulated pathway of fusion and depletion of CTSS-enriched vesicles, as well as through a novel endolysosomal pathway increased in Sjogren's syndrome.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Runzhong Fu, Srikanth Janga, Maria C. Edman, Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
Summary: This study demonstrates that the alpha 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE) significantly increases CTSS secretion into tears compared to the parasympathetic stimulant carbachol (CCh). PE induces a lower Ca2+ response and has minimal effects on the size or intensity of Rab3D-enriched vesicles, suggesting an alternative endolysosomal secretory pathway for CTSS release.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Hao Guo, Yaping Ju, Minchang Choi, Maria C. Edman, Stan G. Louie, Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez, J. Andrew Mackay
Summary: This study presents a novel protein-based drug carrier that concentrates medication in the eyes, effectively suppressing the inflammation caused by Sjogren's syndrome and improving ocular surface function.
Article
Immunology
Shruti Singh Kakan, Maria C. Edman, Alexander Yao, Curtis T. Okamoto, Annie Nguyen, Brooke E. Hjelm, Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
Summary: Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in tears of male NOD mice, with some preliminary validation in SS patients, including some never previously linked to SS. These miRNAs may have potential utility as indicators of ocular symptoms of SS, and evaluation of the pathways influenced by these dysregulated miRNAs may also provide further insights into SS pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Shruti Singh Kakan, Xiaoyang Li, Maria C. Edman, Curtis T. Okamoto, Brooke E. Hjelm, Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
Summary: This study analyzed the changes in lacrimal gland miRNAome in male nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice with autoimmune dacryoadenitis compared to healthy male BALB/c and dacryoadenitis-free female NOD mice. Dysregulated miRNAs were identified through small RNA sequencing and validated by RT-qPCR. Dysregulation of validated miRNAs within immune cell-enriched and epithelial-enriched cell fractions from the lacrimal gland was examined. The study found dysregulation of multiple miRNAs in male NOD mouse lacrimal glands, which may contribute to the increased IL-6 and IL-6-like cytokine signaling.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Rheumatology
Shruti Singh Kakan, Yaping Ju, Maria Edman, Sarah Hamm-Alvarez
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Shruti Singh Kakan, Maria Edman, Brooke Erika Hjelm, Curtis T. Okamoto, Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Minchang Choi, Hao Guo, Maria Edman, Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)