Article
Neurosciences
Naila Ayala, Matthew Heath
Summary: This study found that a single bout of aerobic exercise can improve executive function, and this improvement is related to an executive-mediated shift in physiological and/or psychological arousal, supported by the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system to optimize task engagement.
Article
Psychology
Sofia Krasovskaya, Arni Kristjansson, W. Joseph MacInnes
Summary: Microsaccade rates are lower during antisaccade tasks compared to regular saccades, indicating the suppression of the oculomotor system during the execution of planned eye movements.
ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Joshua Ahn, Benjamin Tari, Anisa Morava, Harry Prapavessis, Matthew Heath
Summary: Sustained cognitive effort during the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) leads to mental fatigue and inhibitory control deficit, while passive exercise with cycle ergometry can improve inhibitory control by increasing cerebral blood flow. This study aimed to investigate whether passive exercise during PVT can reduce the inhibitory control deficit. The results show that passive exercise during PVT decreases mental fatigue and ameliorates the transient inhibitory control deficit. This suggests that passive exercise may be a potential way to reduce executive dysfunction in vigilance-demanding occupations.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Anisa Morava, Benjamin Tari, Joshua Ahn, Mustafa Shirzad, Matthew Heath, Harry Prapavessis
Summary: Cognitive flexibility, an important aspect of executive function, is essential for efficient task switching. Acute stress has been found to impair cognitive flexibility, while a single bout of aerobic exercise can improve it. This study aimed to investigate whether a single session of aerobic exercise can attenuate the negative effects of stress on task switching.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cecile Gallea, Benoit Wicki, Claire Ewenczyk, Sophie Rivaud-Pechoux, Lydia Yahia-Cherif, Pierre Pouget, Marie Vidailhet, Elodie Hainque
Summary: In this study, it was found that antisaccade latency can serve as a predictive marker for the onset of freezing of gait within a 5-year period in patients with Parkinson's disease. The progression of freezing of gait was correlated with worsening antisaccade latencies, and baseline antisaccade latencies were predictive of freezing onset. Resting state connectivity of mesencephalic locomotor region networks were also found to be associated with changes in antisaccade latencies in patients and healthy volunteers.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cecile Gallea, Benoit Wicki, Claire Ewenczyk, Sophie Rivaud-Pechoux, Lydia Yahia-Cherif, Pierre Pouget, Marie Vidailhet, Elodie Hainque
Summary: Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease is associated with increased antisaccade latencies, which predict the onset of freezing within 5 years. Patients who developed freezing during the follow-up had longer antisaccade latencies compared to those who did not. Resting state connectivity of mesencephalic locomotor region networks was differentially associated with antisaccade latency in patients at baseline and contributed to the further increase in latency over 5 years.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Mustafa Shirzad, Benjamin Tari, Connor Dalton, James Van Riesen, Michael J. Marsala, Matthew Heath
Summary: This study investigated the effects of active and passive exercise on executive function, and found that passive exercise can also improve executive function, possibly through increased cerebral blood flow.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Josefine Waldthaler, Mikkel C. Vinding, Allison Eriksson, Per Svenningsson, Daniel Lundqvist
Summary: Deficits in response inhibition are common in Parkinson's disease, leading to cognitive impairment and impulsive behaviors. This study used magnetoencephalography and eye-movement recordings to investigate the cortical dynamics during the mental preparation for the antisaccade task. The results show that alterations in prefrontal alpha and beta activity hinder proactive response inhibition, resulting in higher error rates and prolonged response latencies in Parkinson's disease.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Benjamin Tari, Joshua Ahn, Connor Dalton, Sun Young Choo, Matthew Heath
Summary: Passive exercise increases cerebral blood flow and provides an immediate postexercise executive function benefit. The duration of this benefit has not been examined. In this study, healthy young adults completed three 20-minute conditions: passive exercise, traditional light intensity active exercise, and non-exercise control. Passive and active exercise both increased cerebral blood flow, but the increase was larger in active exercise. Both types of exercise improved reaction time immediately after, but only active exercise provided a benefit at the 30-minute assessment, and neither had a benefit at the 60-minute assessment. Passive exercise provided a temporary executive function boost, possibly due to a smaller cortical hemodynamic response.
BRAIN AND COGNITION
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Kefeng Zheng, Liye Zou, Gaoxia Wei, Tao Huang
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the evidence on the effects of an acute bout of exercise on concurrent performance of core executive function in adults. The findings showed that exercise intensity influences the effects, with improved executive function performance observed during moderate-intensity exercise and impaired performance during vigorous-high intensity exercise. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms.
Review
Nursing
Jian Xiong, Mingzhu Ye, Lecong Wang, Guohua Zheng
Summary: Physical exercise interventions have a positive effect on working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control in cognitively healthy adults aged 60 and above. Aerobic exercise lasting over 13 weeks, mind-body exercise, and interventions lasting over 26 weeks show significant improvements in executive function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Jingye Yang, Qi Han, Qi Liu, Tieying Li, Yongcong Shao, Xuemei Sui, Qirong Wang
Summary: This study examined the effects of carbohydrate drinks intake before or during exercise on cognitive function. The overall results and subgroup analyses indicated that consuming carbohydrate drinks before or during exercise did not significantly reduce the decline in cognitive function after exercise.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Julie A. Cantelon, Grace E. Giles
Summary: The current research on the effects of acute aerobic exercise on cognitive function has primarily focused on the long-term effects, while giving less attention to cognitive changes during exercise. Effects on working memory and cognitive flexibility during exercise remain unclear, while effects on inhibition are more pronounced.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Chloe Bedard, Emily Bremer, Jeffrey D. Graham, Daniele Chirico, John Cairney
Summary: This study aimed to compare the cognitive effects of a combined physically and cognitively engaging physical activity to physical or cognitive activity alone in children. The results showed no significant difference in cognitive performance between different types of activities. Possible explanations include overexertion during physical activity and depletion of positive affect prior to cognitive tasks.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Carly Moser, Lyndsay Schmitt, Joseph Schmidt, Amanda Fairchild, Jessica Klusek
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the oculomotor response inhibition skills in women with the FMR1 premutation, finding that these women exhibited deficiencies in response inhibition compared to controls. The longer response latency associated with older age in the FMR1 premutation group was predictive of fall risk. Clinical prevention efforts to decrease and delay age-related executive decline in middle-aged women with the FMR1 premutation are supported based on the findings.
BRAIN AND COGNITION
(2021)