Journal
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
Volume 22, Issue 7, Pages 790-799Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa101
Keywords
Fabry disease; cardiovascular magnetic resonance; electrocardiogram; microvascular dysfunction; global longitudinal strain
Funding
- British Heart Foundation [SP/20/2/34841] Funding Source: Medline
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This study found that in Fabry disease patients, even before the onset of left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased T1 values, there may already be abnormalities in the heart, including reduced GLS, microvascular changes, subtle T2 elevation, and ECG abnormalities.
Aim Cardiac involvement in Fabry disease (FD) occurs prior to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and is characterized by low myocardial native T1 with sphingolipid storage reflected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. We hypothesize that a pre-storage myocardial phenotype might occur even earlier, prior to T1 lowering. Methods and results FD patients and age-, sex-, and heart rate-matched healthy controls underwent same-day ECG with advanced analysis and multiparametric CMR [tines, global longitudinal strain (GLS), T1 and T2 mapping, stress perfusion (myocardial blood flow, MBF), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)]. One hundred and fourteen Fabry patients (46 13 years, 61% female) and 76 controls (49 +/- 15 years, 50% female) were included. In pre-LVH FD (n = 72, 63%), a low T1 (n = 32/72, 44%) was associated with a constellation of ECG and functional abnormalities compared to normal T1 FD patients and controls. However, pre-LVH FD with normal T1 (n = 40/72, 56%) also had abnormalities compared to controls: reduced GLS (-18 +/- 2 vs. -20 +/- 2%, P < 0.001), microvascular changes (lower MBF 2.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.0 +/- 0.8 mL/g/min, P = 0.028), subtle T2 elevation (50 +/- 4 vs. 48 +/- 2 ms, P= 0.027), and limited LGE (%LGE 0.3 +/- 1.1 vs. 0%, P= 0.004). ECG abnormalities included shorter P-wave duration (88 +/- 12 vs. 94 +/- 15 ms, P= 0.010) and T-wave peak time (T-onset - T-peak, 104 +/- 28 vs. 115 +/- 20 ms, P= 0.015), resulting in a more symmetric T wave with lower T-wave time ratio (T-onset - T-peak)/(T-peak - T-end) (1.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.4, P< 0.001) compared to controls. Conclusion FD has a measurable myocardial phenotype pre-LVH and pre-detectable myocyte storage with microvascular dysfunction, subtly impaired GLS and altered atrial depolarization and ventricular repolarization intervals.
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