Journal
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70417-z
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41876123, 41576186]
- Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography
- Ministry of Natural Resources of China [14283, JG1808]
- response and feedback of the Southern Ocean to climate change (RFSOCC2020-2025)
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Satellite remote sensing and numerical models are widely used to estimate large-scale variations in ocean carbon export, but the relationship between export efficiency (e-ratio) of sinking organic carbon out of the surface ocean and its drivers remains poorly understood, especially in the Southern Ocean. Here, we assess the effects of temperature and primary productivity on e-ratio by combining particulate organic carbon export flux from in situ measurements during 1997-2013, environmental parameters from satellite products, and outputs from ocean biogeochemical models in the Southern Ocean. Results show that High Productivity Low E-ratio (HPLE) is a common phenomenon in the Subantarctic Zone and the Polar Frontal Zone, but not the Antarctic Zone. The e-ratio shows little dependence on temperature below 6 degrees C. Our results support the hypothesis that the HPLE phenomenon is due to the large contribution of non-sinking organic carbon. Both temperature and ballast minerals play less important roles in controlling e-ratio than ecosystem structure at low temperatures. These findings suggest that non-sinking organic carbon, ecosystem structure, and region-specific parameterizations of e-ratio are key factors to quantify the carbon export in the Southern Ocean.
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