Journal
INTERFACE FOCUS
Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2020.0001
Keywords
climate mitigation; natural climate solution; REDD plus; US Forest Service; policy design; policy tools
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology Program [1702996]
- US Forest Service Office of Sustainability and Climate [16-CS-11132000-272]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1702996] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Forests increasingly will be used for carbon dioxide removal (CDR) as a natural climate solution, and the implementation of forest-based CDR presents a complex public policy challenge. In this paper, our goal is to review a range of policy tools in place to support use of forests for CDR and demonstrate how concepts from the policy design literature can inform our understanding of this domain. We explore how the utilization of different policy tools shapes our ability to use forests to mitigate and adapt to climate change and consider the challenges of policy mixes and integration, taking a close look at three areas of international forest policy, including the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) and voluntary carbon offset markets. As it is our expertise, we then examine in detail the case of the USA as a country that lacks aggressive implementation of national climate policies but has potential to increase CDR through reforestation and existing forest management on both public and private land. For forest-based CDR to succeed, a wide array of policy tools will have to be implemented in a variety of contexts with an eye towards overcoming the challenges of policy design with regard to uncertainty in policy outcomes, policy coherence around managing forests for carbon simultaneously with other goals and integration across governance contexts and levels.
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