Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Petras Minderis, Andrej Fokin, Mantas Dirmontas, Mindaugas Kvedaras, Aivaras Ratkevicius
Summary: The study found that caloric restriction is crucial for improving body composition and glucose control in obese mice, while different macronutrient distributions in the diet have varying effects on weight loss. A low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet is more effective in reducing triacylglycerol levels, while low-fat and high-protein diets show more significant improvements in glucose tolerance and blood total cholesterol levels during caloric restriction.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alberto Diaz-Ruiz, Tyler Rhinesmith, Laura C. D. Pomatto-Watson, Nathan L. Price, Farzin Eshaghi, Margaux R. Ehrlich, Jacqueline M. Moats, Melissa Carpenter, Annamaria Rudderow, Sebastian Brandhorst, Julie A. Mattison, Miguel A. Aon, Michel Bernier, Valter D. Longo, Rafael de Cabo
Summary: Diet composition, calories, and fasting times all play a role in maintaining health, and cycles of very low-calorie intake can lead to changes in body composition and improved metabolic flexibility. The impact of diet composition on the metabolic benefits of short cycles of very low-calorie intake is important to consider when looking at overall health outcomes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anouk E. M. Willems, Martina Sura-de Jong, Andre P. van Beek, Esther Nederhof, Gertjan van Dijk
Summary: The study found that both low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets can lead to weight loss and improve markers of MetS. Weight loss is the most effective way to reduce fasting glucose levels, while actual intake of carbohydrates and fats can improve blood pressure and triglyceride levels.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mari Naatanen, Anna Karlund, Santtu Mikkonen, Anton Klavus, Otto Savolainen, Marko Lehtonen, Leila Karhunen, Kati Hanhineva, Marjukka Kolehmainen
Summary: This study investigated the effect of two isocaloric 24-week weight maintenance diets on metabolism and identified metabolite features associated with successful weight loss maintenance. It was found that the dietary fiber, protein, and fat content of the diet influenced amino acid and lipid metabolism, and increased abundance of certain phospholipids and free fatty acids was associated with better weight loss maintenance.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Galarregui, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Carlos J. Gonzalez-Navarro, J. Alfredo Martinez, M. Angeles Zulet, Itziar Abete
Summary: This study showed that consuming a high protein product significantly lowered peak and Delta blood glucose concentrations compared to a high carbohydrate product. Insulin response did not show significant differences between the two foods. Fasting glucose was positively correlated with glucose iAUC only for the high protein product.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joana M. Correia, Ines Santos, Pedro Pezarat-Correia, Analiza M. Silva, Goncalo V. Mendonca
Summary: The study found that non-Ramadan intermittent fasting can effectively reduce body weight, body mass index, and absolute fat mass, while Ramadan intermittent fasting, despite being accompanied by dehydration, can also effectively reduce body weight and relative fat mass. Overall, non-Ramadan intermittent fasting appears to be more effective in improving overall body composition.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Darlene Larissa de Souza Vilela, Alessandra da Silva, Sonia Lopes Pinto, Josefina Bressan
Summary: This systematic review examined the relationship between macronutrient intake and weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS). Eight articles involving 2,378 subjects were included, and the results indicated that protein intake was positively associated with weight loss after BS. Prioritizing protein followed by carbohydrates and reducing lipid intake favored weight loss and weight stability after BS. The review suggests that a high-protein diet (>60 g to 90 g/day) may be beneficial for weight loss and maintenance after BS, but a balance of other macronutrients is also important.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Petras Minderis, Andrej Fokin, Tomas Povilonis, Mindaugas Kvedaras, Aivaras Ratkevicius
Summary: Caloric restriction induces similar weight loss in aging mice regardless of the diet's macronutrient composition. After caloric restriction, an high-fat diet leads to excessive energy intake and significant gain in body fat during the refeeding phase.
Article
Psychology, Biological
D. I. Podesta, A. K. Blannin, G. A. Wallis
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of manipulating post-exercise energy substrate availability on appetite, energy intake, and energy expenditure. The results showed that immediate post-exercise energy replacement with a high carbohydrate/low-fat drink resulted in higher short-term activity energy expenditure and lower appetite ratings compared to low carbohydrate/high-fat replacement.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah T. Pannen, Sandra Gonzalez Maldonado, Tobias Nonnenmacher, Solomon A. Sowah, Laura E. Gruner, Cora Watzinger, Karin Nischwitz, Cornelia M. Ulrich, Rudolf Kaaks, Ruth Schuebel, Mirja Grafetstaetter, Tilman Kuehn
Summary: In a weight management setting, intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) and continuous calorie restriction (CCR) were found to be equivalent in achieving modest weight loss over two years while affecting dietary composition in a comparable manner. Self-reported adherence was worse for ICR than CCR, indicating potential challenges with adherence to ICR over time.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Leonard Spranger, January Weiner, Josephine Bredow, Ulrike Zeitz, Ulrike Grittner, Michael Boschmann, Sophia Dickmann, Nicole Stobaeus, Reiner Jumpertz-von Schwartzenberg, Maria Brachs, Joachim Spranger, Knut Mai
Summary: This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of weight loss and metabolism improvement on obesity, and found that the specific impact of negative energy balance or modified body composition on metabolism and weight regain is still unclear. Through a randomized controlled trial, researchers found that weight loss had effects on insulin sensitivity and lean body mass, while negative energy balance had no additional effect on insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the adaptation of body composition and metabolism may be related to the FGFR1 signaling pathway.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shiyu Li, Yan Du, Christiane Meireles, Kumar Sharma, Lu Qi, Alondra Castillo, Jing Wang
Summary: Despite the evidence supporting the efficacy of the ketogenic diet (KD) on weight and type 2 diabetes (T2D) management, adherence to the KD is challenging. This study investigated the changes in physical activity (PA) among individuals with overweight/obesity and T2D who followed the KD, as well as compared levels of KD adherence and PA in different interventions. The results highlight the need for intervention strategies to improve KD adherence and the development of standardized assessment tools for diet and PA.
NUTRITION & DIABETES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Camilla Dalby Hansen, Eva-Marie Gram-Kampmann, Johanne Kragh Hansen, Mie Balle Hugger, Bjorn Staehr Madsen, Jane Moller Jensen, Sara Olesen, Nikolaj Torp, Ditlev Nytoft Rasmussen, Maria Kjaergaard, Stine Johansen, Katrine Prier Lindvig, Peter Andersen, Katrine Holtz Thorhauge, Jan Christian Brond, Pernille Hermann, Henning Beck-Nielsen, Sonke Detlefsen, Torben Hansen, Kurt Hojlund, Maja Sofie Thiele, Mads Israelsen, Aleksander Krag
Summary: This 6-month randomized controlled trial examined the effects of a low-carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results showed that compared to a high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF) diet, the LCHF diet resulted in greater improvements in glycemic control and weight loss, but these improvements were not sustained at the 3-month follow-up.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Valene Garr Barry, Mariah Stewart, Taraneh Soleymani, Renee A. Desmond, Amy M. Goss, Barbara A. Gower
Summary: The study concludes that prescribing a LCHF diet to middle-aged adults may be an optimal strategy for reducing disease risk, particularly for those with insulin resistance.
Article
Immunology
Helena Deris, Petra Tominac, Frano Vuckovic, Nina Briski, Arne Astrup, Ellen E. Blaak, Gordan Lauc, Ivan Gudelj
Summary: Obesity-induced inflammation activates the adaptive immune system through changes in IgG glycosylation. Different dietary regimes for weight control after weight loss do not significantly affect IgG glycosylation, but individuals may still experience significant changes in their IgG glycome composition regardless of the diet type.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mads N. Thomsen, Mads J. Skytte, Amirsalar Samkani, Martin H. Carl, Philip Weber, Arne Astrup, Elizaveta Chabanova, Mogens Fenger, Jan Frystyk, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, Thomas M. Larsen, Sten Madsbad, Faidon Magkos, Henrik S. Thomsen, Steen B. Haugaard, Thure Krarup
Summary: The study indicates that moderate carbohydrate restriction in individuals with type 2 diabetes can improve glycemic control, reduce circulating and intrahepatic triglyceride levels beyond the effects of weight loss itself. This improvement may be attributed to differences in protein and fat intakes, and the quality of dietary macronutrients.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Faidon Magkos
Summary: Studies suggest that calorie restriction and weight loss have similar beneficial effects in individuals without obesity as in those with obesity, including reduced fat deposition, increased insulin sensitivity, and improved insulin clearance rate, leading to lower blood glucose and insulin levels.
Review
Physiology
Faidon Magkos, Dominic N. Reeds, Bettina Mittendorfer
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the evolution of hyperglycemia definition and the changes in glucose dynamics that lead to fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. Extensive research has contributed to our understanding of different types of hyperglycemia, such as prediabetes and diabetes, and their subtypes, as well as their relationships with medical complications and strategies for prevention and treatment.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Faidon Magkos, Elisa Fabbrini, Bruce W. Patterson, Bettina Mittendorfer, Samuel Klein
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of physiological variation in endogenous estradiol on VLDL-Triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-apoB-100 metabolism and free fatty acid (FFA) release in premenopausal women. The results showed that plasma estradiol concentration is not an important correlate of basal plasma FFA, VLDL-TG, and VLDL-apoB-100 kinetics in premenopausal women.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahsa Jalili, Maryam Nazari, Faidon Magkos
Summary: Fermented foods, rich in probiotics and prebiotics, are widely consumed in many countries and populations. They can improve digestion, enhance immunity, and aid in weight loss, making them a potential tool for combating obesity. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the health effects of fermented foods and their mechanisms of action in obesity and related metabolic abnormalities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Christian Sumeghy Sondergaard, Paulina Nunez Esquivel, Maria Dalamaga, Faidon Magkos
Summary: Diabetes patients may have an altered risk of cancer when using antihyperglycemic medications. Certain medications are associated with a lower risk of cancer, while others may increase the risk.
CURRENT ONCOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Jaap Keijer, Xavier Escote, Sebastia Galmes, Andreu Palou-March, Francisca Serra, Mona Adnan Aldubayan, Kristina Pigsborg, Faidon J. Magkos, Ella C. Baker, Philip Calder, Joanna Goralska, Urszula Razny, Malgorzata Malczewska-Malec, David Sunol, Mar A. Galofre, Miguel Rodriguez, Nuria G. Canela, Radu Malcic, Montserrat Bosch, Claudia Favari, Pedro Mena, Daniele Del Rio, Antoni Caimari, Biotza M. Gutierrez, Josep del Bas
Summary: Personalized nutrition (PN) is a tool that empowers consumers to make dietary changes, improve health, and prevent diet-related diseases. However, the implementation of PN faces obstacles due to the complexity of individual metabolic characterization. This study proposes a conceptual framework that focuses on dysregulation of key processes and specific markers to assess metabolic health. Machine learning and data analysis algorithms can integrate omics and genetic markers, and digital tools can simplify their implementation.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sofie Hauerberg Henninger, Anna Yde Fibieger, Faidon Magkos, Christian Ritz
Summary: Current treatment options for overweight and obesity rely on strict diet and exercise regimes, making it difficult to sustain as a lifelong routine. This study explored the effects of mindful eating and YogaDance, individually and in combination, as alternative approaches to manage obesity. The findings suggest modest benefits of an 8-week combination of mindful eating and YogaDance, supporting previous research on the effectiveness of mindful eating, yoga, and dance.
Article
Pediatrics
Christina Sonne Mogensen, Helle Zingenberg, Jens Svare, Arne Astrup, Faidon Magkos, Nina Rica Wium Geiker
Summary: This study analyzed data from 208 mothers and examined the association of gestational weight gain (GWG) among women with pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity with infant weight and BMI z-score at birth. The results showed that limiting GWG by 1 kg was associated with lower birthweight, BMI z-score, weight z-score, and infant abdominal circumference. Additionally, GWG below the Institute of Medicine guideline of a maximum of 9 kg was associated with lower birthweight and fewer emergency cesarean deliveries.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mona Adnan Aldubayan, Xiaotian Mao, Martin Frederik Laursen, Kristina Pigsborg, Lars H. Christensen, Henrik M. Roager, Dennis S. Nielsen, Mads Fiil Hjorth, Faidon Magkos
Summary: This study found that a high fiber plant-based diet can reduce body weight and improve cardiometabolic health in individuals with obesity. Additionally, the addition of inulin-type fructans (ITF) can alter gut microbiota composition and attenuate some of the realized cardiometabolic benefits.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Julie Marvel Mansfeldt, Faidon Magkos
Summary: This paper reviews studies on the changes in non-exercise physical activity (NEPA) in response to exercise-induced energy expenditure. The majority of studies show a compensatory decrease in NEPA upon starting a structured exercise training program, which may attenuate the energy deficit caused by exercise and prevent weight loss.
CURRENT NUTRITION REPORTS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Faidon Magkos, Anahita Ataran, Ali Javaheri, Bettina Mittendorfer
CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michelle H. H. Lee, Eveline Febriana, Maybritte Lim, Sonia Baig, Jeffrey B. B. Halter, Faidon Magkos, Sue-Anne Toh
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of sex on obesity-driven changes in the mechanisms regulating glucose metabolism. The results showed that the adverse effects of obesity on insulin action and secretion were more pronounced in males than females, and females had greater insulin sensitivity and lower insulin secretion compared to males among participants with obesity.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kristina Pigsborg, Valdemar Stentoft-Larsen, Samuel Demharter, Mona Adnan Aldubayan, Alessia Trimigno, Bekzod Khakimov, Soren Balling Engelsen, Arne Astrup, Mads Fiil Hjorth, Lars Ove Dragsted, Faidon Magkos
Summary: A predictive model was developed using machine learning to predict successful weight loss on a New Nordic Diet. The study found that individual responses to weight loss vary and the optimal diet for successful weight loss may differ for different individuals. This research is important for improving precision dietary treatment for obesity.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sasha A. S. Kjeldsen, Mads N. Thomsen, Mads J. Skytte, Amirsalar Samkani, Michael M. Richter, Jan Frystyk, Faidon Magkos, Elizaveta Hansen, Henrik S. Thomsen, Jens J. Holst, Sten Madsbad, Steen B. Haugaard, Thure Krarup, Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the dependency of body weight loss following a reduction in hepatic steatosis on markers of glucagon resistance in type 2 diabetes. The results showed that weight loss may contribute to the improvement of glucagon resistance in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
JOURNAL OF THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY
(2023)