Journal
PHYTOPATHOLOGY
Volume 110, Issue 9, Pages 1488-1496Publisher
AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-20-0069-IA
Keywords
accessory chromosome; fungal genome compartmentalization; Fusarium oxysporum; genome crosstalk
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Funding
- National Eye Institute [R01 EY 030150]
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund [1014893]
- National Science Foundation [1652641]
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1652641] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Most genomes within the species complex of Fusarium oxysporum are organized into two compartments: the core chromosomes (CCs) and accessory chromosomes (ACs). As opposed to CCs, which are conserved and vertically transmitted to carry out essential housekeeping functions, lineage- or strain-specific ACs are believed to be initially horizontally acquired through unclear mechanisms. These two genomic compartments are different in terms of gene density, the distribution of transposable elements, and epigenetic markers. Although common in eukaryotes, the functional importance of ACs is uniquely emphasized among fungal species, specifically in relationship to fungal pathogenicity and their adaptation to diverse hosts. With a focus on the cross-kingdom fungal pathogen F. oxysporum, this review provides a summary of the differences between CCs and ACs based on current knowledge of gene functions, genome structures, and epigenetic signatures, and explores the transcriptional crosstalk between the core and accessory genomes.
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