Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yuanpei Gao, Aravind Ravi, Ning Jiang
Summary: Changes in proximity of stimuli affect the performance of brain computer interfaces based on SSVEP. SSMVEP has been proposed to overcome some limitations of SSVEP and in this study, it outperforms SSVEP in the presence of competing stimuli. SSVEP performs better at lower frequencies while SSMVEP excels at higher frequencies, indicating SSMVEP may be more practical in real-world applications.
Article
Neurosciences
Guangting Mai, Peter Howell
Summary: The study provides evidence for the causal relationship between the right auditory cortex and EFR, showing that altering cortical excitability via tDCS results in changes in EFR. Furthermore, a hemispheric laterality was observed where aftereffect was significantly greater for tDCS applied over the right than the left auditory cortex in the contralateral ear condition.
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Leopoldo Angrisani, Pasquale Arpaia, Egidio De Benedetto, Luigi Duraccio, Fabrizio Lo Regio, Annarita Tedesco
Summary: BCIs are an integration of hardware and software communication systems that allow direct communication between the human brain and external devices. Among the various BCI paradigms, SSVEPs have gained attention due to their high signal-to-noise ratio and information transfer rate in noninvasive BCI applications.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Ines Pereira, Stefan Frassle, Jakob Heinzle, Dario Schobi, Cao Tri Do, Moritz Gruber, Klaas E. Stephan
Summary: Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) is a Bayesian framework used to infer hidden neuronal states based on brain activity measurements. While promising for understanding human brain dynamics, DCM variants can be challenging to fully understand due to their complexity and reliance on concepts from multiple fields. Solid theoretical knowledge of the models is crucial to avoid pitfalls in their application and interpretation of results.
Article
Neurosciences
Philipp Alexander Loehrer, Felix Sebastian Nettersheim, Carina Renate Oehrn, Fabienne Homberg, Marc Tittgemeyer, Lars Timmermann, Immo Weber
Summary: Aging leads to decline in bimanual motor control due to cortical atrophy, particularly affecting frontal and parietal areas. Connectivity changes between prefrontal and premotor areas in older adults during movement preparation predict age-group affiliation and influence motor performance. Different types of excitatory connections in the prefrontal-premotor network in older adults affect bimanual control and speed-accuracy trade-off.
Article
Neurosciences
Kumari Liza, Supratim Ray
Summary: This study investigates the modulatory effects of competing stimuli on SSVEP responses. The results show that the suppression of target stimuli by competing stimuli is not fixed at low frequencies, but systematically varies depending on the frequency of the target stimuli, indicating local interactions between the two stimuli. These findings underscore the need to interpret results of SSVEP studies cautiously.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Nandini Kumari, Shamama Anwar, Vandana Bhattacharjee, Sudip Kumar Sahana
Summary: Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been shown to be effective in image generation and are now being applied to regenerate images using brain signals. Recent neuroscience research has discovered that brain-evoked data can reveal how the human brain functions. This study proposes a advanced approach, called Capsule Generative Adversarial Network, that combines the capsule network with the GAN model to regenerate images using decoded brain signals. Experimental results demonstrate that the Capsule GAN achieved the highest Structural Similarity Index Measure (0.9203) among various GAN variants, indicating its ability to reconstruct images similar to the originals.
MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Thomas Mitzelfelt, Xiaohan Bao, Paisley Barnes, Stephen G. Lomber
Summary: Congenitally deaf cats perform better than hearing cats on visual localization tasks, but the reasons behind this advantage remain unclear. In this study, visually evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded in both hearing and deaf cats during a reversing checkerboard stimulus. The results showed that while VEPs were influenced by stimulus eccentricity, there was little evidence of changes in VEPs that could explain the behavioral advantage of deaf cats. These findings suggest that cross-modal plasticity may not play a significant role in the cortical processing of the peripheral visual field in deaf subjects.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Jiali Huang, Zachary H. Pugh, Sangyeon Kim, Chang S. Nam
Summary: This study investigated the effect of mental workload on the causal influence brain regions exert over each other during multitasking. The results showed that with increased workload, causal connections shifted from the left to both sides of the brain, and the connectivity strengths could predict subtask performances. By studying the brain dynamics of mental workload, a predictor that supplements subjective self-report measures can be developed.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Gianluca Rho, Alejandro Luis Callara, Cinzia Cecchetto, Nicola Vanello, Enzo Pasquale Scilingo, Alberto Greco
Summary: This study investigated the influence of hedonic content and gender differences on the effective connectivity among brain regions involved in emotional olfactory stimuli. The results showed that the valence of odors modulated the connectivity strengths between specific brain areas, and gender had a significant impact on odor discrimination ability.
Article
Neurosciences
Yasaman Sabahi, Seyed Kamaledin Setarehdan, Ali Motie Nasrabadi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate neural activity during emergency braking by analyzing event-related potential signals and using dynamic causal modeling to identify active brain regions and connections. Results showed a significant difference in response time between subjects with lateral connections between visual cortex, visual processing, and detecting objects areas versus those without such connections.
COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Nandini Kumari, Shamama Anwar, Vandana Bhattacharjee
Summary: Machine learning and deep learning techniques, specifically convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been explored in EEG-based emotion classification. However, CNNs often require complex feature extraction and struggle to capture the natural relationship among different EEG channels. In this study, an advanced CNN called EmotionCapsNet is proposed for multi-channel EEG classification, achieving better accuracy by extracting descriptive and complex features from raw EEG signals. The proposed system outperforms conventional machine learning and deep learning-based CNN models, achieving high accuracy on various datasets.
NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
John B. B. Butcher, Robert E. E. Sims, Neville M. M. Ngum, Amjad H. H. Bazzari, Stuart I. I. Jenkins, Marianne King, Eric J. J. Hill, David A. A. Nagel, Kevin Fox, H. Rheinallt Parri, Stanislaw Glazewski
Summary: Changes in sensory experience can lead to plasticity of synapses in the cortex, and astrocytes play a crucial role in this process. Experiments on mice showed that the lack of astrocyte-expressed IP3 receptor subtype affected experience-dependent plasticity, and changes in astrocytic [Ca2+](i) concentration can switch the synaptic plasticity mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Xin Cao, Yan-Hua Bing, Yin-Hua Xu, Guang-Jian Zhang, Chun-Ping Chu, Lan Hong, De-Lai Qiu
Summary: Nicotine enhances synaptic plasticity in the mouse cerebellar cortex, improving working memory and motor learning function.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Roberto Saia, Salvatore Carta, Gianni Fenu, Livio Pompianu
Summary: Recent scientific advances have made affordable hardware devices capable of reading brain waves accessible to everyone. These small wearable devices allow researchers to conduct experiments that were previously impossible due to high costs. However, the use of EEG data for biometric identification presents challenges in extracting unique and stable patterns from individuals.
NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ian J. Kirk, Meg J. Spriggs, Rachael L. Sumner
Summary: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a likely mechanism for learning and memory, and can be studied in humans through paradigms inducing "LTP-like" changes in sensory-evoked potentials, revealing an increase in synaptic LTP in the neural networks generating these potentials. By eliciting and measuring LTP effects, further research on synaptic plasticity can be conducted with clinical applications in various disorders.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW ZEALAND
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rachael L. Sumner, Meg J. Spriggs, Alexander D. Shaw
Summary: Neuroplasticity plays a critical role in learning and memory, with long-term potentiation (LTP) being a key mechanism. While LTP is traditionally studied invasively in non-human animals, this study successfully developed a non-invasive computational model of the visual cortex and validated it using EEG recordings to investigate interlaminar connectivity changes. The model accurately represented post-tetanus changes in neural architecture, supporting its potential use in understanding deficits in LTP related to neurological and psychiatric disorders.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rachael L. Sumner, Emme Chacko, Rebecca McMillan, Meg J. Spriggs, Christie Anderson, James Chen, Amelia French, SungHun Jung, Akshaya Rajan, Gemma Malpas, John Hay, Rhys Ponton, Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy, Frederick Sundram
Summary: The study explores the psychedelic experiences and sustained impact of ketamine in major depressive disorder. Results suggest that greater antidepressant response is associated with dimensions of altered states of consciousness like spirituality and insight. Participants experienced perceptual changes, loss of control, emotional and mood changes, as well as a psychedelic afterglow with changed perspectives on life, people, and problems.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Robin J. Murphy, Rachael L. Sumner, William Evans, David Menkes, Ingo Lambrecht, Rhys Ponton, Frederick Sundram, Nicholas Hoeh, Sanya Ram, Lisa Reynolds, Suresh Muthukumaraswamy
Summary: This study aims to rigorously examine the benefits of microdosing psychedelics in cognitive and emotional domains, as well as explore the potential therapeutic implications for conditions like depression and addiction. By pairing a comparable dosing protocol with objective measures, the study aims to provide more concrete evidence to support the claims made in the grey literature.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alexander D. Shaw, Hannah L. Chandler, Khalid Hamandi, Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy, Alexander Hammers, Krish D. Singh
Summary: This study investigated the effects of increasing local concentrations of GABA by blocking the reuptake with a GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) blocker, tiagabine. The results showed changes in whole brain activity and functional connectivity across different frequency bands following tiagabine administration, with alterations in frontal and posterior regions. The spatial distribution of these changes overlapped with the distribution of GABA(A) receptors, indicating a link between GABA availability, receptor distribution, and low-frequency network oscillations.
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Maryam Doborjeh, Zohreh Doborjeh, Alexander Merkin, Helena Bahrami, Alexander Sumich, Rita Krishnamurthi, Oleg N. Medvedev, Mark Crook-Rumsey, Catherine Morgan, Ian Kirk, Perminder S. Sachdev, Henry Brodaty, Kristan Kang, Wei Wen, Valery Feigin, Nikola Kasabov
Summary: The study proposed a method using deep learning algorithms in brain-inspired neural networks to build personalized predictive models to accurately detect, understand, and predict dynamic changes in an individual's brain function. Experimental results demonstrated the accuracy and effectiveness of the method on MRI data.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy, Anna Forsyth, Thomas Lumley
Summary: This study reviewed previous literature on expectancy effects and blinding in psychedelic RCTs and found that these trials might be influenced by de-blinding and expectancy. Current psychedelic RCTs generally do not report pre-trial expectancy or the success rate of blinding procedures. The authors suggest caution in interpreting effect size estimates from existing psychedelic RCTs due to potential confounds related to de-blinding and expectancy.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shabah M. Shadli, Lynne C. Ando, Julia McIntosh, Veema Lodhia, Bruce R. Russell, Ian J. Kirk, Paul Glue, Neil McNaughton
Summary: The study suggests that the theoretical biomarker GCSR can help diagnose and redefine psychiatric disorders. Research shows that anxiolytic drugs reduce GCSR and correlate with anxiety scores.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Suresh Muthukumaraswamy, Anna Forsyth, Rachael L. Sumner
Summary: With the growing interest in the psychedelic renaissance, it is crucial to critically examine the scientific practices and results of incorporating psychedelics into medicine. This viewpoint highlights the challenges faced by psychedelic medicine, including individual research design, the research environment, and the implementation of psychedelic therapies into modern medicine. The authors also propose suggestions to mitigate these challenges.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lynette J. Tippett, Erin E. Cawston, Catherine A. Morgan, Tracy R. Melzer, Kiri L. Brickell, Christina Ilse, Gary Cheung, Ian J. Kirk, Reece P. Roberts, Jane Govender, Leon Griner, Campbell Le Heron, Sarah Buchanan, Waiora Port, Makarena Dudley, Tim J. Anderson, Joanna M. Williams, Nicholas J. Cutfield, John C. Dalrymple-Alford, Phil Wood
Summary: This study aims to explore and improve understanding of Alzheimer's Disease and dementia, in order to delay or prevent the progression of dementia. Through multidisciplinary collaboration, regular examinations are conducted on community participants to collect and analyze various biomarkers and risk factors, and to study the mechanisms underlying disease progression. The national outreach of the Dementia Prevention Research Clinics is one of its strengths.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW ZEALAND
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Catherine A. Morgan, Reece P. Roberts, Tessa Chaffey, Lenore Tahara-Eckl, Meghan van der Meer, Matthias Gunther, Timothy J. Anderson, Nicholas J. Cutfield, John C. Dalrymple-Alford, Ian J. Kirk, Donna Rose Addis, Lynette J. Tippett, Tracy R. Melzer
Summary: This study assessed the repeatability and reproducibility of MRI markers derived from a dementia protocol, finding that structural markers were less variable than functional MRI markers.
PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ashkan Alvand, Abin Kuruvilla-Mathew, Reece P. Roberts, Mangor Pedersen, Ian J. Kirk, Suzanne C. Purdy
Summary: Auditory processing disorder (APD) is a listening impairment found in some school-aged children with normal peripheral hearing. This study used diffusion MRI data to investigate the structural connectome in children with APD and compared it with healthy controls. The findings suggest altered structural networks at the regional level in the APD group, indicating the involvement of multimodal deficits and highlighting the role of structure-function alteration in the listening difficulties experienced by children with APD.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
E. Stone, M. Alshakhouri, A. Shaw, S. Muthukumaraswamy, R. L. Sumner
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Malak Alshakhouri, Cynthia Sharpe, Peter Bergin, Rachael L. Sumner
Summary: Seizures, antiseizure medications, and the reproductive systems are interconnected, with females with epilepsy experiencing menstrual disturbances and reproductive endocrine disorders. The menstrual cycle can affect seizure intensity and frequency for many females. Further research is needed to understand the specific pathophysiology of this relationship.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Edna C. Cieslik, Markus Ullsperger, Martin Gell, Simon B. Eickhoff, Robert Langner
Summary: Previous studies on error processing have primarily focused on the posterior medial frontal cortex, but the role of other brain regions has been underestimated. This study used activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses to explore brain activity related to committing errors and responding successfully in interference tasks. It was found that the salience network and the temporoparietal junction were commonly involved in both correct and incorrect responses, indicating their general involvement in coping with situations that require increased cognitive control. Error-specific convergence was observed in the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, posterior thalamus, and left superior frontal gyrus, while successful responding showed stronger convergence in the dorsal attention network and lateral prefrontal regions. Underrecruitment of these regions in error trials may reflect failures in activating the appropriate stimulus-response contingencies necessary for successful response execution.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2024)
