Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Youyi Fong, Yunda Huang, David Benkeser, Lindsay N. Carpp, German Anez, Wayne Woo, Alice McGarry, Lisa M. Dunkle, Iksung Cho, Christopher R. Houchens, Karen Martins, Lakshmi Jayashankar, Flora Castellino, Christos J. Petropoulos, Andrew Leith, Deanne Haugaard, Bill Webb, Yiwen Lu, Chenchen Yu, Bhavesh Borate, Lars W. P. van der Laan, Nima S. Hejazi, April K. Randhawa, Michele P. Andrasik, James G. Kublin, Julia Hutter, Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi, Tatiana H. Beresnev, Lawrence Corey, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Dean Follmann, Julie A. Ake, Cynthia L. Gay, Karen L. Kotloff, Richard A. Koup, Ruben O. Donis, Peter B. Gilbert
Summary: In the PREVENT-19 phase 3 trial, the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine's effectiveness against COVID-19 was assessed using markers such as spike IgG, RBD IgG, and nAb ID50. The study found that higher concentrations of these markers were associated with lower COVID-19 risk and higher vaccine efficacy. The results suggest that these markers could be used across different vaccine platforms to guide decision-making on vaccine approval and usage.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Seda Tural Onur, Sedat Altin, Sinem Nedime Sokucu, Burcu Ileri Fikri, Tugce Barca, Erkut Bolat, Mehmet Toptas
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between serum ferritin levels and mortality rate in COVID-19 patients, finding ferritin levels to be significantly predictive of mortality. Additionally, patient age and length of hospital stay were found to be closely related to mortality rates.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter B. Gilbert, David C. Montefiori, Adrian McDermott, Youyi Fong, David Benkeser, Weiping Deng, Honghong Zhou, Christopher R. Houchens, Karen Martins, Lakshmi Jayashankar, Flora Castellino, Britta Flach, Bob C. Lin, Sarah O'Connell, Charlene McDanal, Amanda Eaton, Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe, Yiwen Lu, Chenchen Yu, Bhavesh Borate, Lars W. P. van der Laan, Nima Hejazi, Chuong Huynh, Jacqueline Miller, Hana M. El Sahly, Lindsey R. Baden, Mira Baron, Luis De la Cruz, Cynthia Gay, Spyros Kalams, Colleen F. Kelley, Michele P. Andrasik, James G. Kublin, Lawrence Corey, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Lindsay N. Carpp, Rolando Pajon, Dean Follmann, Ruben O. Donis, Richard A. Koup
Summary: In the COVE phase 3 clinical trial, neutralizing and binding antibodies were measured in vaccine recipients to determine their correlation with COVID-19 risk and vaccine efficacy. The results showed that these immune markers were inversely associated with COVID-19 risk and directly associated with vaccine efficacy. Postvaccination neutralization titers of 10, 100, and 1000 correlated with estimated vaccine efficacies of 78%, 91%, and 96% respectively.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roxanne Khamsi
Summary: Evidence suggests that self-attacking autoantibodies may be crucial in understanding some of the most severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Immunology
Dafeng Liu, Xiaoyan Yuan, Fengjiao Gao, Bennan Zhao, Ling Ding, Mingchang Huan, Chao Liu, Liangshuang Jiang
Summary: This study found that comorbidities have a significant impact on cellular immunity in COVID-19 patients, with specific comorbidities such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases showing specific associations with lymphocyte counts and subsets.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Phuoc-Tan Diep, Veronique de Kok
Summary: Disruption of immune and neuroendocrine system function is crucial in COVID-19, and oxytocin plays a vital role in both systems. However, dysfunction of oxytocin in COVID-19 can lead to autoimmune diseases. Intranasal oxytocin therapy may be an effective way to regulate the hyperactive immune system and prevent post-COVID-19 autoimmune diseases.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Rheumatology
Alessia Alunno, Aurelie Najm, Pedro M. Machado, Heidi Bertheussen, Gerd R. Burmester, Francesco Carubbi, Gabriele De Marco, Roberto Giacomelli, Olivier Hermine, John D. Isaacs, Isabelle Kone-Paut, Cesar Magro-Checa, Iain McInnes, Pier Luigi Meroni, Luca Quartuccio, Athimalaipet Ramanan, Manuel Ramos-Casals, Javier Rodriguez Carrio, Hendrik Schulze-Koops, Tanja A. Stamm, Sander W. Tas, Benjamin Terrier, Dennis G. McGonagle, Xavier Mariette
Summary: EULAR developed Points to Consider on COVID-19 pathophysiology and immunomodulatory therapies, highlighting the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the need for a multifaceted approach to target different pathophysiological mechanisms.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Birgit Sawitzki
Summary: In addition to acute hyperinflammatory responses, SARS-CoV-2 infections can have long-term effects on our immune system leading to post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). In this study, Cheong et al. demonstrate that severe infections via IL-6 induce persistent epigenetic signatures in hemopoietic stem cells and their myeloid progenitors associated with increased inflammatory potential.
Review
Immunology
Ruby A. Escobedo, Dhiraj K. Singh, Deepak Kaushal
Summary: The development of vaccines against infectious diseases is crucial in battling new viruses like SARS-CoV-2, with targeted immunotherapeutics becoming increasingly vital. This review provides an overview of key aspects of COVID-19, including dysregulated immune responses and the rapid development of vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lalita Subedi, Stephanie Tchen, Bhakta Prasad Gaire, Bingren Hu, Kurt Hu
Summary: The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, has become a global pandemic, affecting people of all ages. Nutraceuticals and phytochemicals, such as vitamins C, D, E, zinc, melatonin, and other functional foods, may have potential therapeutic efficacies in fighting the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Allyson M. Pishko, James B. Bussel, Douglas B. Cines
Summary: A study suggests a potential link between the AstraZeneca vaccine and an autoimmune disorder, immune thrombocytopenia, but further research is needed to establish causality.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
William J. Bradshaw, Ethan C. Alley, Jonathan H. Huggins, Alun L. Lloyd, Kevin M. Esvelt
Summary: Bidirectional tracing is more effective in improving outbreak control and reducing effective reproduction number, compared to forward-tracing alone. Expanding the manual tracing window or implementing smartphone-based exposure notification can significantly increase the benefits of bidirectional tracing.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yiting Wang, Bennan Zhao, Xinyi Zhang, Xia Zhang, Fengjiao Gao, Xiaoyan Yuan, Xiaoxia Ren, Maoquan Li, Dafeng Liu
Summary: This retrospective cohort study investigated the impact of immune breakthroughs on disease progression and prognosis in patients with COVID-19. It found that immune breakthroughs resulting from previous infection or vaccination could decelerate disease progression and enhance prognosis. The immune breakthrough group had lower critical and mortality rates and shorter coronavirus negative conversion time. Additionally, antibody levels and T lymphocyte subsets were negatively related to disease severity, prognosis, and coronavirus negative conversion time.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Zhiheng Xu, Yongbo Huang, Jianmeng Zhou, Xiumei Deng, Weiqun He, Xiaoqing Liu, Yimin Li, Nanshan Zhong, Ling Sang
Summary: Cell-based therapy using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has shown promising potential in treating critical illnesses like sepsis and ARDS, with abilities to reduce inflammation, improve lung function, and promote repair, although limited preclinical data is available for MSCs in COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
News Item
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Elie Dolgin
Summary: Companies are developing next-generation antibodies inspired by unique individuals whose immune systems can neutralize any COVID-19 variant and related coronaviruses.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
