Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jaeseong Jeong, Su-Yong Bae, Jinho Lee, Suh-young Kwon, Ju Han Lee, Jinhee Choi
Summary: This study investigates the toxicity of two nano-sized MAX phases (Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2) and finds that they exhibit certain cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, highlighting the importance of evaluating the potential hazards of nano-sized MAX phases and providing valuable insights for safe design.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mary Gulumian, Charlene Andraos, Antreas Afantitis, Tomasz Puzyn, Neil J. Coville
Summary: The physicochemical properties of nanomaterials have an impact on their toxicity and pathogenicity, with nanotopography being an important factor. Despite its significance, the role of surface topography in nanotoxicity is often overlooked. By manipulating surface topography and applying principles from catalysis, it is possible to create safer nanomaterials by reducing surface properties contributing to toxicity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gabriel Silver, Yordanka Krastev, Miriam K. Forbes, Brenton Hamdorf, Barry Lewis, Michael Tisbury, Mark P. Taylor, Robin Gasiorowski
Summary: This study is a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of whole blood or plasma donation on reducing PFAS levels in Australian firefighters with previous occupational exposure. Covariate-adaptive randomisation is used to balance participant characteristics, and a secondary analysis is being conducted on health biomarkers. The study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chanese A. Forte, Jess A. Millar, Justin A. Colacino
Summary: Farmworkers in the US, especially migrant workers, face barriers to healthcare and disparities in health outcomes. Pesticide exposure may contribute to these disparities. This study aims to quantify pesticide exposure bioactivity among farmworkers by citizenship status.
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Periklis Vardakas, Zoi Skaperda, Fotios Tekos, Aikaterini-Flora Trompeta, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Constantinos A. Charitidis, Demetrios Kouretas
Summary: Nanotechnology has become a forefront of research and industrial interest in recent decades, but concerns have been raised about the impacts of nanomaterials on human health and safety. Scientific data suggest that oxidative stress induced by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) may be the main mechanism of toxicity, although some nanomaterials also exhibit antioxidant properties. An integrated approach using translational biomarkers and reliable protocols is recommended for the assessment of redox-related activities of nanomaterials at different biological levels.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Huanliang Liu, Susu Ding, Huipeng Nie, Yue Shi, Wenqing Lai, Xuan Liu, Kang Li, Lei Tian, Zhuge Xi, Bencheng Lin
Summary: This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms of PM2.5 exposure in the male reproductive system, identifying a possible relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), oxidative stress, and reproductive toxicity. It shows that PM2.5 triggers ERS pathway activation and induces DNA damage and apoptosis in testicular cells through oxidative stress. Moreover, high-concentration intermittent inhalation poses greater harm than low-concentration continuous inhalation.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jie Cui, Yanhe Zhang, Lin Liu, Qirui Zhang, Shiwen Xu, Meng-yao Guo
Summary: By feeding carp with polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) particles of 8 μm in size and a concentration of 1000 ng/L water, a PS-MPs model of carp was established. An abnormal increase in the activities of AKP, ALT, AST, and LDH in the hepatopancreas indicated damage to this organ's function caused by PS-MPs. PS-MPs also induced oxidative stress, with a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, PS-MPs activated the Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) signaling pathway, leading to increased expression of inflammatory molecules in both hepatopancreas and hepatocytes.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hana Caloudova, Jana Blahova, Jan Mares, Lukas Richtera, Ales Franc, Michaela Garajova, Frantisek Tichy, Jiri Lenz, Jana Caloudova, Vladimira Enevova, Pavel Kopel, Barbora Havelkova, Pavla Lakdawala, Zdenka Svobodova
Summary: In this study, the subchronic effects of Magneli phase titanium suboxides (Magneli TiOx) were evaluated and compared with TiO2 particles. It was found that Magneli TiOx had fewer adverse effects on fish compared to TiO2, and exhibited good antioxidant stress resistance.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Yinan Jiang, Qing Li, Yuting Wang, Jiaqi Jin, Wenzhi Wei, Yingying Zhang, Hui Yang
Summary: With the widespread use of plastic products, microplastic fibers have emerged as a new environmental contaminant, posing potential risks to planktonic organisms and aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the toxicological effects of polyester microplastic fibers on a freshwater crustacean, revealing decreased survival and reproduction rates, as well as damage to mitochondria, increased apoptosis, oxidative stress and alterations in gene expression.
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ana Claudia F. Souza, Daniel S. S. Bastos, Felipe Couto-Santos, Luiz Otavio Guimaraes-Ervilha, Larissa S. Araujo, Pedro H. C. A. Souza, John L. P. Coimbra, Leandro L. Oliveira, Simone E. F. Guimaraes, Mariana Machado-Neves
Summary: This study investigated the long-term effects of prenatal arsenic exposure on reproductive parameters of male offspring at peripubertal and adult periods. Results revealed that arsenic exposure affected body and reproductive organ weights, as well as testicular and epididymal morphology in peripubertal animals but recovered in adulthood. Antioxidant gene expression and the endogenous antioxidant system in the testes and epididymides were affected by arsenic exposure in both peripubertal and adult rats. Impairment in daily sperm production and sperm parameters was observed in adult animals. Therefore, prenatal arsenic exposure has a long-term impact on reproductive parameters and may affect fertility potential in adult animals through oxidative stress.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Velmurugan Meganathan, Cory E. Hamilton, Kartiga Natarajan, Shiva Keshava, Vijay Boggaram
Summary: Exposure to organic dust in animal and agricultural farms is associated with the development of lung inflammation and respiratory diseases. This study investigates the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidases (NOX) and xanthine oxidase (XO) in controlling the induction of inflammatory mediators by dust extract in bronchial epithelial cells. The findings suggest that NOX and XO-derived ROS activate NF kappa B and Stat3 to induce proinflammatory gene expression.
Article
Ecology
Amirreza Abouee-Mehrizi, Yahya Rasoulzadeh, Ahmad Mehdipour, Alireza Alihemmati, Elnaz Rahimi
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the hepatotoxic effects of noise and toluene, as well as the simultaneous exposure to both substances, through histopathological and biochemical experiments. Non-simultaneous exposure to noise and toluene led to increased liver enzymes and certain serum levels, while simultaneous exposure resulted in further changes in enzyme levels and liver tissue damage.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Patricia Carneiro, Raquel Vieira, Carlos Venancio, Luis Felix
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of acute exposure to menthol on zebrafish embryos and found that it led to decreased hatching rate, heart rate, and increased malformations and mortality. At the molecular level, menthol exposure increased reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activity, as well as altered energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. At the behavioral level, menthol-treated larvae exhibited anxiety-like behavior. Additionally, there were decreases in dopaminergic neurons and acetylcholinesterase activity, indicating neuro-behavioral impairment.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chaonan Li, Ya Wang, Zihao Wang, Xiaogang Li
Summary: Researchers improved the safety of the widely used herbicide paraquat by developing a new formulation based on photoresponsive polymers. They synthesized beta-cyclodextrin polymer microspheres that released paraquat upon exposure to UV light, showing comparable herbicidal capacity to free paraquat. This study provides a new approach for developing safer and environmentally friendly herbicides.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jinze Ma, Ping Jiang, Yong Huang, Chen Lu, Guiyou Tian, Xiaoping Xiao, Yunlong Meng, Xiaoqiang Xiong, Bo Cheng, Di Wang, Huiqiang Lu
Summary: The herbicide flumioxazin has been found to induce cardiac defects in vertebrates, possibly due to oxidative stress. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms and found that flumioxazin caused cardiac malformations and abnormal gene expression associated with cardiac development. It also led to increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in the zebrafish heart. The antioxidant astaxanthin reversed these effects and protected against flumioxazin-induced cardiotoxicity.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Claude Lambre, Jose Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Marcel Mengelers, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Riviere, Inger-Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk Van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Jaime Aguilera, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Yi Liu, Elsa Nielsen, Karin Norby, Rita Ferreira de Sousa, Andrew Chesson
Summary: The food enzyme endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase is produced with a non-genetically modified strain and is intended to be used in various manufacturing processes. Dietary exposure was estimated to be up to 0.809 mg TOS/kg body weight per day in European populations, and safety concerns were not identified based on genotoxicity and systemic toxicity studies. While the risk of allergic reactions cannot be completely excluded, it is considered to be low under the intended conditions of use.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Claude Lambre, Jose Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Marcel Mengelers, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Riviere, Inger-Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk Van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Jaime Aguilera, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Natalia Kovalkovicova, Yi Liu, Giulio di Piazza, Rita Ferreira de Sousa, Andrew Chesson
Summary: The food enzyme triacylglycerol lipase is produced using non-genetically modified Mucor circinelloides strain AE-LMH and is considered free from viable cells of the production organism. It is used in baking, egg processing, and the manufacture of enzyme-modified dairy ingredients. Dietary exposure to this food enzyme was estimated to be up to 0.242 mg TOS/kg bw per day in European populations. Safety tests showed no genotoxicity concerns, and repeated dose toxicity study in rats identified a no observed adverse effect level of 784 mg TOS/kg bw per day. The risk of allergic reactions from dietary exposure is low, but cannot be completely excluded. Based on the data provided, this food enzyme is considered safe under the intended conditions of use.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Claude Lambre, Jose Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Marcel Mengelers, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Riviere, Inger-Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk Van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Lieve Herman, Jaime Aguilera, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Yi Liu, Andrew Chesson
Summary: The food enzyme beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) produced by Kluyveromyces lactis strain GD-YNL is used for lactose hydrolysis in milk processing, production of fermented milk products, and whey processing. Dietary exposure to the food enzyme was estimated to be up to 54 mg TOS/kg body weight per day in European populations. Based on safety assessment and allergenicity tests, the risk of allergic reactions by dietary exposure is low. The data provided supports the conclusion that this food enzyme is safe for use.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jorid B. Sorli, Alexander C. o. Jensen, Alicja Mortensen, Jozef Szarek, Eleni Chatzigianelli, Claudia A. T. Gutierrez, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Sarah S. Poulsen, Iosif Hafez, Charis Loizides, George Biskos, Karin S. Hougaard, Ulla Vogel, Niels Hadrup
Summary: This study evaluated the pulmonary toxicity of tungsten by exposing male mice to tungsten particles and found increased genotoxicity at certain exposure levels. However, no adverse effects were observed on body weight, inflammation, or organ pathology. The study suggests that tungsten exhibits non-dose dependent genotoxicity without inflammation.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Niels Hadrup, Nicklas Sahlgren, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Anne T. Saber, Karin S. Hougaard, Ulla Vogel, Keld A. Jensen
Summary: This study gathers toxicity data from inhalation studies of certain nanomaterials and their bulk and ionic counterparts in animals. The primary physicochemical and exposure data of each material are retrieved for potential grouping and interpretation. The collected materials include carbon, silver, cerium, cobalt, copper, iron, nickel, silica, titanium, and zinc. The study provides dose descriptors and carcinogenicity data for hazard assessment, as well as a discussion on the effects of particle solubility and shape. Long-term studies generally offer the lowest dose descriptors, and particle size affects the dose descriptors for near-spherical materials.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Silvia Aidee Solorio-Rodriguez, Andrew Williams, Sarah Sos Poulsen, Kristina Bram Knudsen, Keld Alstrup Jensen, Per Axel Clausen, Pernille Hogh Danielsen, Hakan Wallin, Ulla Vogel, Sabina Halappanavar
Summary: This study aimed to determine the influence of single or multi-walled structures and surface functionalization on pulmonary toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Mice were exposed to different doses of SWCNTs or MWCNTs, and inflammation and DNA damage were assessed. Transcriptomics analysis showed similar responses across all CNTs, with inflammation, cellular stress, metabolism, and DNA damage responses being affected. One pristine SWCNT was found to be the most potent and potentially fibrogenic, warranting further toxicity testing.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Claude Lambre, Jose Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Marcel Mengelers, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Riviere, Inger-Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk Van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Boet Glandorf, Jaime Aguilera, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Yi Liu, Giulio di Piazza, Sandra Rainieri, Rita Ferreira de Sousa, Andrew Chesson
Summary: This article describes a food enzyme that can be used in eight food manufacturing processes. Based on experimental data and risk assessment, it is concluded that this food enzyme does not pose safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Claude Lambre, Jose Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Marcel Mengelers, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Riviere, Inger-Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk Van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Ana Gomes, Yi Liu, Silvia Peluso, Andrew Chesson
Summary: The food enzyme d-tagatose 3-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.31) is produced using genetically modified Escherichia coli strain PS-Sav-001 by SAVANNA Ingredients GmbH. The genetic modifications do not raise safety concerns and the enzyme is considered free from viable cells and DNA of the production organism. It is used in a membrane reactor to convert d-fructose into d-allulose, and dietary exposure and toxicological studies were considered unnecessary due to purification steps. The enzyme does not pose safety concerns under the intended conditions of use, although the risk of allergic reactions by dietary exposure cannot be completely excluded.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Maged Younes, Gabriele Aquilina, Laurence Castle, Gisela Degen, Karl-Heinz Engel, Paul J. Fowler, Maria Jose Frutos Fernandez, Peter Fuerst, Rainer Guertler, Trine Husoy, Melania Manco, Wim Mennes, Peter Moldeus, Sabina Passamonti, Romina Shah, Ine Waalkens-Berendsen, Matthew Wright, Detlef Woelfle, Birgit Dusemund, Alicja Mortensen, Dominique Turck, Stefania Barmaz, Agnieszka Mech, Ana Maria Rincon, Alexandra Tard, Giorgia Vianello, Ursula Gundert-Remy
Summary: In 2017, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) re-evaluated the safety of locust bean gum (E 410). As a result, the Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) assessed its safety as a food additive in specific infant and medical formula foods, concluding that it does not raise safety concerns based on the available data.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Claude Lambre, Jose Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Marcel Mengelers, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Riviere, Inger-Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk Van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Jaime Aguilera, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Yi Liu, Andrew Chesson
Summary: The food enzyme is produced by non-genetically modified bacteria and does not contain viable cells of the production strain. It is used for the production of glucosyl hesperidin and ascorbic acid 2-glucoside. Due to the removal of residual organic solids, dietary exposure assessment is not necessary. A similarity search found one match with a respiratory allergen, indicating a low likelihood of allergic reactions. Based on the data provided, the food enzyme is considered safe under the intended conditions of use.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Claude Lambre, Jose Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Marcel Mengelers, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Riviere, Inger-Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk Van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Boet Glandorf, Jaime Aguilera, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Natalia Kovalkovicova, Yi Liu, Giulio di Piazza, Rita de Ferreira de Sousa, Andrew Chesson
Summary: This article introduces the food enzyme glucan-1,4-alpha-glucosidase produced by Rhizopus delemar strain CU634-1775. It is used in six food manufacturing processes and does not raise safety concerns under intended conditions of use.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Claude Lambre, Jose Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Marcel Mengelers, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Rivi Ere, Inger-Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk Van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Jaime Aguilera, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Ana Gomes, Natalia Kovalkovicova, Yi Liu, Elsa Nielsen, Karin Norby, Rita Ferreira de Sousa, Andrew Chesson
Summary: This study introduces a food enzyme called 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme, which is produced by the non-genetically modified Geobacillus thermodenitrificans strain TRBE14. The production strain meets the qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach. The food enzyme is commonly used in cereal-based processes, baking processes, and meat and fish processing. Although no allergens were found in the amino acid sequence of the food enzyme, it contains lysozyme, a known allergen. However, based on the provided data, the Panel concludes that this food enzyme does not pose any safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Claude Lambre, Jose Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Marcel Mengelers, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Riviere, Inger-Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk Van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Jaime Aguilera, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Yi Liu, Giulio di Piazza, Sandra Rainieri, Andrew Chesson
Summary: The food enzyme catalase is produced by a non-genetically modified strain of Aspergillus niger and is used in eight food manufacturing processes. Dietary exposure to the food enzyme was estimated to be up to 3.61 mg TOS/kg bw per day in European populations. Based on the data provided, the risk of exposure cannot be completely excluded.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Claude Lambre, Jose Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Marcel Mengelers, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Riviere, Inger-Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk Van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Boet Glandorf, Yrj O. Roos, Yi Liu, Simone Lunardi, Andrew Chesson
Summary: This article presents a genetically modified Aspergillus oryzae strain that produces a food enzyme, phospholipase A1, used in cheese production. Safety assessments indicate that this food enzyme is safe for use under the intended conditions.