Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Axis Is Required for TFEB-Mediated Gastric Cancer Metastasis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Gastric cancer remains the third leading cause of cancer-related death, and tumor metastasis is the main risk factor for poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a MiT family member and has been found to drive tumorigenesis in a number of tissues, whereas few studies were focused on investigating its prometastasis role and mechanism in gastric cancer. Here, we found TFEB was upregulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal gastric epithelial tissues. IHC analysis from gastric cancer tissue microarray revealed that TFEB in gastric cancer was correlated with depth of tumor invasion, lymph node or distant metastasis, tumor tumor-nodemetastasis stage, and overall survival. Gastric cancer cells with TFEB overexpression presented an increased cell migration or invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, gene correlation analysis and gene set enrichment analysis enriched Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway members in TFEB high-expression group, and the TOP/FOPflash assay verified the effect of TFEB on beta-catenin transcription activity. Besides, we found that TFEB could trigger the aggregation of beta-catenin in nucleus and activate its transcription, as well as facilitate the expression of Wnt/beta-catenin target genes and EMT-related markers, which could be reversed by the Wnt/beta-catenin inhibitor XAV-939. Collectively, TFEB enhances gastric cancer metastatic potential by activating Wnt/ beta-catenin signaling pathway and may become a promising therapeutic target for gastric cancer metastasis.